ACS STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED | 2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE |
GRADED A+
intermolecular forces - ANSWER forces that hold molecules to other molecules (not bonds within
molecules)
ion-ion interaction - ANSWER occurs between ions, with opposite charges attracting and like charges
repelling
ion-dipole interaction - ANSWER occur between ions and polar molecules, where the ion is attracted
or repelled to a partial charge in the polar molecules (includes interactions between water and
dissolved ions)
dipole-dipole interaction - ANSWER occurs between the partial charges of polar molecules
hydrogen bond - ANSWER particularly strong dipole-dipole force that occurs between hydrogen and
a highly electronegative element such as oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen
London dispersion forces - ANSWER intermolecular force that occurs in all interactions, including
nonpolar molecules such as hydrocarbons - the result of temporary, minute charges formed via
random electron movement
induced dipole - ANSWER dipole that is formed when the electrons of an otherwise nonpolar
molecule are attracted to or repelled from a charged particle, and their consequential movements
result in a temporary dipole
kinetic-molecular theory - ANSWER states that a substance's state of matter depends on the thermal
energy that it's particle possess and the strength of attraction between the particles - stronger
thermal energy results in a gaseous or liquid state, stronger attraction results in a solid state
Coulomb's law - ANSWER states that the energy of an intermolecular force is directly related to the
charges of the particles interacting and inversely related to the distance between those particles
sphere of hydration - ANSWER water molecules surrounding dissolved ions in aqueous solution
, van der Waals forces - ANSWER intermolecular forces including dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonds, and
London dispersion
boiling point - ANSWER temperature where the vapor pressure is equal to the pressure exerted on a
liquid (usually atmospheric pressure)
polarizability - ANSWER relative likelihood that a charged particle will disrupt the normal electron
distribution in an atom or molecule (thus inducing a dipole)
solubility - ANSWER describes the amount of a solute that is able to dissolve in a given amount of
solvent
Henry's law - ANSWER states that the solubility of a gaseous molecule is proportional to the partial
pressure of that gas over the liquid, so that gases under more pressure will dissolve more in a liquid
hydrophobic - ANSWER describes interactions that repel water (e.g. dispersion), thus diminishing
solubility of a substance in water
hydrophilic - ANSWER describes interactions that attract water (e.g. hydrogen bonding), thus
promoting solubility of a substance in water
phase diagrams - ANSWER graphic representations of the physical states of a substance regarding
temperature and pressure
equilibrium lines - ANSWER represent phase changes in a phase diagram
supercritical fluid - ANSWER phase where liquid components of the substance are indistinguishable
from gaseous components
triple point - ANSWER temperature and pressure where all three states of matter exist in equilibrium
critical point - ANSWER temperature and pressure beyond which liquid and gas become supercritical
fluid, indistinguishable from one another
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED | 2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE |
GRADED A+
intermolecular forces - ANSWER forces that hold molecules to other molecules (not bonds within
molecules)
ion-ion interaction - ANSWER occurs between ions, with opposite charges attracting and like charges
repelling
ion-dipole interaction - ANSWER occur between ions and polar molecules, where the ion is attracted
or repelled to a partial charge in the polar molecules (includes interactions between water and
dissolved ions)
dipole-dipole interaction - ANSWER occurs between the partial charges of polar molecules
hydrogen bond - ANSWER particularly strong dipole-dipole force that occurs between hydrogen and
a highly electronegative element such as oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen
London dispersion forces - ANSWER intermolecular force that occurs in all interactions, including
nonpolar molecules such as hydrocarbons - the result of temporary, minute charges formed via
random electron movement
induced dipole - ANSWER dipole that is formed when the electrons of an otherwise nonpolar
molecule are attracted to or repelled from a charged particle, and their consequential movements
result in a temporary dipole
kinetic-molecular theory - ANSWER states that a substance's state of matter depends on the thermal
energy that it's particle possess and the strength of attraction between the particles - stronger
thermal energy results in a gaseous or liquid state, stronger attraction results in a solid state
Coulomb's law - ANSWER states that the energy of an intermolecular force is directly related to the
charges of the particles interacting and inversely related to the distance between those particles
sphere of hydration - ANSWER water molecules surrounding dissolved ions in aqueous solution
, van der Waals forces - ANSWER intermolecular forces including dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonds, and
London dispersion
boiling point - ANSWER temperature where the vapor pressure is equal to the pressure exerted on a
liquid (usually atmospheric pressure)
polarizability - ANSWER relative likelihood that a charged particle will disrupt the normal electron
distribution in an atom or molecule (thus inducing a dipole)
solubility - ANSWER describes the amount of a solute that is able to dissolve in a given amount of
solvent
Henry's law - ANSWER states that the solubility of a gaseous molecule is proportional to the partial
pressure of that gas over the liquid, so that gases under more pressure will dissolve more in a liquid
hydrophobic - ANSWER describes interactions that repel water (e.g. dispersion), thus diminishing
solubility of a substance in water
hydrophilic - ANSWER describes interactions that attract water (e.g. hydrogen bonding), thus
promoting solubility of a substance in water
phase diagrams - ANSWER graphic representations of the physical states of a substance regarding
temperature and pressure
equilibrium lines - ANSWER represent phase changes in a phase diagram
supercritical fluid - ANSWER phase where liquid components of the substance are indistinguishable
from gaseous components
triple point - ANSWER temperature and pressure where all three states of matter exist in equilibrium
critical point - ANSWER temperature and pressure beyond which liquid and gas become supercritical
fluid, indistinguishable from one another
