NUR 400 Final Exam ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Cerebral Vascular Accident - CORRECT ANSWER an interruption in flow of blood to the
brain which causes a deprivation of oxygen to the brain resulting in brain death and death.
Hemorrhagic Stroke - CORRECT ANSWER bleeding within the brain, also known as a
Cerebral hemorrhage, due to intracranial or subarachnoid hemorrhage generally caused by the
spontaneous rupture of small vessels from uncontrolled hypertension to the buildup of fatty deposits
within the vessels or due to. AVM's or malformation of blood vessels in the brain.
Hemorrhagic Stroke Signs & Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER Severe headache, sudden
onset - worst headache of patients life , Neurological deficits, Hypertension, Nausea and vomiting,
Neck stiffness, photophobia, LOC, Visual disturbances Incontinence, neurogenic bladder
Hemorrhagic Stroke Complications - CORRECT ANSWER Cerebral hypoxia, decreased blood
flow, Vasospasm - narrowing of the lumen of the involved cranial blood vessels, Increased intracranial
pressure, hypertension
L Hemispheric Stroke s&s: - CORRECT ANSWER Paralysis/weakness on the R side of the
body, R visual field deficits
Aphasia - receptive or global, Increased distractibility, Altered intellectual ability, Slowed, cautious
behaviors
R Hemispheric Stroke s&s : - CORRECT ANSWER L side Paralysis or weakness, L visual
field deficit, Spatial-perceptual deficits
Impulsive behaviour, poor judgement, Lack of awareness of deficits
Multiple Sclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER an immune-mediated progressive demyelinating
disease of the CNS. The destruction of the myelin of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord results
in impaired transmission of nerve impulses.
Multiple Sclerosis S&S - CORRECT ANSWER Fatigue - most common s/s
,Depression, Numbness, Difficulty in coordination, Loss of balance, Spasticity, Pain, Visual
disturbances, UTI, constipation, pressure ulcers, contracture deformities, Voiding dysfunction includes
Incontinence or incomplete bladder emptying
Addisons Disease - CORRECT ANSWER a primary adrenal insufficiency that occurs when the
adrenal glands are damaged and cant produce enough cortical hormones. This may be autoimmune or
idiopathic atrophy of the adrenal gland
Addisons Disease S & S - CORRECT ANSWER Fatigue
Muscle weakness
confusion
Dark pigmentation of mucous membranes - skin, knee's, elbows
Anorexia & GI symptoms
Hypotension
High serum Potassium levels
Emotional liability
Addisonian Crisis - CORRECT ANSWER due to disease progression, when an acute
adrenocortical insufficiency that Is precipitated by stress or the abrupt withdrawal of therapeutic
glucocorticoids and the progression of Addisons Disease
Addisonian Crisis S/S - CORRECT ANSWER Hypotension
Cyanosis
Fever
Nausea & vomiting
classic signs of shock - hypotension, rapid and weak pulse, rapid RR, pallor, extreme weakness
Pallor
Headache
Abdominal pain & diarrhea
Confusion and restless
Cushing disease - CORRECT ANSWER due to a pituitary adenoma, a benign tumor of on the
pituitary gland which causes for too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Due to the excess
, production of ACTH, the adrenal glands, too much cortisol is circulating and causes problems with
hormone balance.
Cushing disease S&S - CORRECT ANSWER Weight gain in the trunk
Fatty lump between shoulders behind the neck
Pink or purple stretch marks
Thin, frail skin that bruises easily
Slow wound healing
Acne
Cushing's syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER due to excessive adrenocortical activity, caused
by the use of corticosteroid medications or the overproduction of endogenous corticosteroids due to
tumors of the pituitary gland.
Cushing's syndrome S&S - CORRECT ANSWER Obesity
Musculoskeletal changes
Glucose intolerance
Buffalo hump on neck
Thin extremities
Fragile skin
Weakness and muscle wasting
Sleep disturbances
Moon face appearance
Increased susceptibility to infection
Hyperglycemia or development of diabetes
Phenytoin - CORRECT ANSWER a first generation anticonvulsant drug that is effective in the
treatment of tonic-clonic seizures, complex partial seizures and epilepsy. This medication works to
decrease abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Avoid taking medication with food, avoid food for 1
hour before and after taking medication.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Cerebral Vascular Accident - CORRECT ANSWER an interruption in flow of blood to the
brain which causes a deprivation of oxygen to the brain resulting in brain death and death.
Hemorrhagic Stroke - CORRECT ANSWER bleeding within the brain, also known as a
Cerebral hemorrhage, due to intracranial or subarachnoid hemorrhage generally caused by the
spontaneous rupture of small vessels from uncontrolled hypertension to the buildup of fatty deposits
within the vessels or due to. AVM's or malformation of blood vessels in the brain.
Hemorrhagic Stroke Signs & Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER Severe headache, sudden
onset - worst headache of patients life , Neurological deficits, Hypertension, Nausea and vomiting,
Neck stiffness, photophobia, LOC, Visual disturbances Incontinence, neurogenic bladder
Hemorrhagic Stroke Complications - CORRECT ANSWER Cerebral hypoxia, decreased blood
flow, Vasospasm - narrowing of the lumen of the involved cranial blood vessels, Increased intracranial
pressure, hypertension
L Hemispheric Stroke s&s: - CORRECT ANSWER Paralysis/weakness on the R side of the
body, R visual field deficits
Aphasia - receptive or global, Increased distractibility, Altered intellectual ability, Slowed, cautious
behaviors
R Hemispheric Stroke s&s : - CORRECT ANSWER L side Paralysis or weakness, L visual
field deficit, Spatial-perceptual deficits
Impulsive behaviour, poor judgement, Lack of awareness of deficits
Multiple Sclerosis - CORRECT ANSWER an immune-mediated progressive demyelinating
disease of the CNS. The destruction of the myelin of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord results
in impaired transmission of nerve impulses.
Multiple Sclerosis S&S - CORRECT ANSWER Fatigue - most common s/s
,Depression, Numbness, Difficulty in coordination, Loss of balance, Spasticity, Pain, Visual
disturbances, UTI, constipation, pressure ulcers, contracture deformities, Voiding dysfunction includes
Incontinence or incomplete bladder emptying
Addisons Disease - CORRECT ANSWER a primary adrenal insufficiency that occurs when the
adrenal glands are damaged and cant produce enough cortical hormones. This may be autoimmune or
idiopathic atrophy of the adrenal gland
Addisons Disease S & S - CORRECT ANSWER Fatigue
Muscle weakness
confusion
Dark pigmentation of mucous membranes - skin, knee's, elbows
Anorexia & GI symptoms
Hypotension
High serum Potassium levels
Emotional liability
Addisonian Crisis - CORRECT ANSWER due to disease progression, when an acute
adrenocortical insufficiency that Is precipitated by stress or the abrupt withdrawal of therapeutic
glucocorticoids and the progression of Addisons Disease
Addisonian Crisis S/S - CORRECT ANSWER Hypotension
Cyanosis
Fever
Nausea & vomiting
classic signs of shock - hypotension, rapid and weak pulse, rapid RR, pallor, extreme weakness
Pallor
Headache
Abdominal pain & diarrhea
Confusion and restless
Cushing disease - CORRECT ANSWER due to a pituitary adenoma, a benign tumor of on the
pituitary gland which causes for too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Due to the excess
, production of ACTH, the adrenal glands, too much cortisol is circulating and causes problems with
hormone balance.
Cushing disease S&S - CORRECT ANSWER Weight gain in the trunk
Fatty lump between shoulders behind the neck
Pink or purple stretch marks
Thin, frail skin that bruises easily
Slow wound healing
Acne
Cushing's syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER due to excessive adrenocortical activity, caused
by the use of corticosteroid medications or the overproduction of endogenous corticosteroids due to
tumors of the pituitary gland.
Cushing's syndrome S&S - CORRECT ANSWER Obesity
Musculoskeletal changes
Glucose intolerance
Buffalo hump on neck
Thin extremities
Fragile skin
Weakness and muscle wasting
Sleep disturbances
Moon face appearance
Increased susceptibility to infection
Hyperglycemia or development of diabetes
Phenytoin - CORRECT ANSWER a first generation anticonvulsant drug that is effective in the
treatment of tonic-clonic seizures, complex partial seizures and epilepsy. This medication works to
decrease abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Avoid taking medication with food, avoid food for 1
hour before and after taking medication.
