NUR 2063 EXAM SCRIPT FINAL PAPER 2026
FULL SOLUTION VIEW AHEAD
◉ What 4 things does pathophysiology include?.
Answer: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and
Treatment Implications
◉ What is etiology.
Answer: study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes
Idiopathic conditions that have an unknown origin or cause.
◉ What is pathogenesis?.
Answer: development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to
the expression of manifestations as time occurs.
◉ What are clinical manifestations?.
Answer: Signs and symptoms of disorder.
◉ What are treatment implications?.
,Answer: Which combine the etology, pathogenesis, and clinical
manifestations to determine the best treatment of condition per
individual.
◉ What are signs?.
Answer: Objective or observed manifestations of disease.
◉ What are symptoms?.
Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.
◉ What is objective data.
Answer: What you observe and can measure.
◉ What are examples of objective data?.
Answer: rash, low blood pressure, bleeding
◉ What is subjective data?.
Answer: What the patient may report to you
◉ What are examples of subjective data?.
Answer: pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
,◉ What is epidemiology?.
Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving populations.
Based on the spread and contact of diseases in people.
◉ What are the levels of disease prevention?.
Answer: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
◉ Explain Primary Prevention.
Answer: "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
of disease for people.
◉ Examples of Primary Prevention.
Answer: Vaccinations and Handwashing
◉ Explain Secondary Prevention.
Answer: "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of
disease to catch disease early before it spreads
◉ Examples of Secondary Prevention.
Answer: PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check,
mammogram
◉ Explain Tertiary Prevention.
, Answer: "Treating" and preventing further complications from a
disorder or disease after the person has the condition
◉ Examples of Tertiary Prevention.
Answer: Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation,
Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
◉ What is homeostasis?.
Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are in
balance and the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
◉ What is allostasis?.
Answer: ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance
but an attempt to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating
to lower ones body temp.
◉ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome.
Answer: alarm, resistance, exhaustion
◉ Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome.
Answer: Where the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to
stress. Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off
by the HPA axis to flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be
FULL SOLUTION VIEW AHEAD
◉ What 4 things does pathophysiology include?.
Answer: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and
Treatment Implications
◉ What is etiology.
Answer: study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes
Idiopathic conditions that have an unknown origin or cause.
◉ What is pathogenesis?.
Answer: development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to
the expression of manifestations as time occurs.
◉ What are clinical manifestations?.
Answer: Signs and symptoms of disorder.
◉ What are treatment implications?.
,Answer: Which combine the etology, pathogenesis, and clinical
manifestations to determine the best treatment of condition per
individual.
◉ What are signs?.
Answer: Objective or observed manifestations of disease.
◉ What are symptoms?.
Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.
◉ What is objective data.
Answer: What you observe and can measure.
◉ What are examples of objective data?.
Answer: rash, low blood pressure, bleeding
◉ What is subjective data?.
Answer: What the patient may report to you
◉ What are examples of subjective data?.
Answer: pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
,◉ What is epidemiology?.
Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving populations.
Based on the spread and contact of diseases in people.
◉ What are the levels of disease prevention?.
Answer: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
◉ Explain Primary Prevention.
Answer: "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
of disease for people.
◉ Examples of Primary Prevention.
Answer: Vaccinations and Handwashing
◉ Explain Secondary Prevention.
Answer: "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of
disease to catch disease early before it spreads
◉ Examples of Secondary Prevention.
Answer: PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check,
mammogram
◉ Explain Tertiary Prevention.
, Answer: "Treating" and preventing further complications from a
disorder or disease after the person has the condition
◉ Examples of Tertiary Prevention.
Answer: Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation,
Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
◉ What is homeostasis?.
Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are in
balance and the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
◉ What is allostasis?.
Answer: ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance
but an attempt to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating
to lower ones body temp.
◉ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome.
Answer: alarm, resistance, exhaustion
◉ Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome.
Answer: Where the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to
stress. Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off
by the HPA axis to flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be
