NUR 2063 ESSENTIALS OF
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
VERSION 1 2026 COMPLETE EXAM
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ What 4 things does pathophysiology include?
Answer: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment
Implications
◉ What is etiology
Answer: study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes Idiopathic
conditions that have an unknown origin or cause.
◉ What is pathogenesis?
Answer: development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to the
expression of manifestations as time occurs.
◉ What are clinical manifestations?
Answer: Signs and symptoms of disorder.
◉ What are treatment implications?
Answer: Which combine the etology, pathogenesis, and clinical
manifestations to determine the best treatment of condition per
individual.
,◉ What are signs?
Answer: Objective or observed manifestations of disease.
◉ What are symptoms?
Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.
◉ What is objective data
Answer: What you observe and can measure.
◉ What are examples of objective data?
Answer: rash, low blood pressure, bleeding
◉ What is subjective data?
Answer: What the patient may report to you
◉ What are examples of subjective data?
Answer: pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
◉ What is epidemiology?
Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving populations. Based on
the spread and contact of diseases in people.
◉ What are the levels of disease prevention?
,Answer: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
◉ Explain Primary Prevention
Answer: "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of
disease for people.
◉ Examples of Primary Prevention
Answer: Vaccinations and Handwashing
◉ Explain Secondary Prevention
Answer: "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of
disease to catch disease early before it spreads
◉ Examples of Secondary Prevention
Answer: PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check,
mammogram
◉ Explain Tertiary Prevention
Answer: "Treating" and preventing further complications from a
disorder or disease after the person has the condition
◉ Examples of Tertiary Prevention
Answer: Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation,
Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
, ◉ What is homeostasis?
Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are in balance
and the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
◉ What is allostasis?
Answer: ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance
but an attempt to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to
lower ones body temp.
◉ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome
Answer: alarm, resistance, exhaustion
◉ Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome
Answer: Where the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to
stress. Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off by
the HPA axis to flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected
to vital organs in this stage to give the organs energy to work.
◉ Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome
Answer: the activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the
endocrine system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should
ultimately adapt to the stressor.
◉ Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
VERSION 1 2026 COMPLETE EXAM
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ What 4 things does pathophysiology include?
Answer: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment
Implications
◉ What is etiology
Answer: study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes Idiopathic
conditions that have an unknown origin or cause.
◉ What is pathogenesis?
Answer: development or evolution of disease from initial stimulus to the
expression of manifestations as time occurs.
◉ What are clinical manifestations?
Answer: Signs and symptoms of disorder.
◉ What are treatment implications?
Answer: Which combine the etology, pathogenesis, and clinical
manifestations to determine the best treatment of condition per
individual.
,◉ What are signs?
Answer: Objective or observed manifestations of disease.
◉ What are symptoms?
Answer: Subjective feelings of abnormality in the body.
◉ What is objective data
Answer: What you observe and can measure.
◉ What are examples of objective data?
Answer: rash, low blood pressure, bleeding
◉ What is subjective data?
Answer: What the patient may report to you
◉ What are examples of subjective data?
Answer: pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
◉ What is epidemiology?
Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving populations. Based on
the spread and contact of diseases in people.
◉ What are the levels of disease prevention?
,Answer: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
◉ Explain Primary Prevention
Answer: "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure of
disease for people.
◉ Examples of Primary Prevention
Answer: Vaccinations and Handwashing
◉ Explain Secondary Prevention
Answer: "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of
disease to catch disease early before it spreads
◉ Examples of Secondary Prevention
Answer: PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check,
mammogram
◉ Explain Tertiary Prevention
Answer: "Treating" and preventing further complications from a
disorder or disease after the person has the condition
◉ Examples of Tertiary Prevention
Answer: Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation,
Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
, ◉ What is homeostasis?
Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are in balance
and the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
◉ What is allostasis?
Answer: ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance
but an attempt to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating to
lower ones body temp.
◉ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome
Answer: alarm, resistance, exhaustion
◉ Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome
Answer: Where the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to
stress. Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off by
the HPA axis to flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected
to vital organs in this stage to give the organs energy to work.
◉ Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome
Answer: the activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the
endocrine system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should
ultimately adapt to the stressor.
◉ Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome
