NUR_2063_ESSENTIALS_OF_PATHOPHYSIOLOGY_COMPREHENSIVE_STUDY_GUIDE.pdf

NUR 2063 ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026 DISEASE
PROCESSES AND HUMAN BODY SYSTEM
RESPONSES

◉ Absence of menstruation
Answer: Amenorrhea


◉ Hormonal disturbances
Stress
Neoplasms (ovarian, adrenal, pituitary tumors)
Answer: Amenorrhea Causes


◉ Cardiovascular disease
Hypervolemia
Depression
Answer: Complications of Dialysis


◉ Inflammation of the prostate.
Most common association is E. coli.
Answer: Prostatitis

,◉ Fever
Chills
Tender prostate
Low back pain
Dysuria
Leukocytosis
Answer: Prostatitis S/S


◉ Urine becomes supersaturated with specific solute that forms
crystals. Crystallization is enhanced when a person is dehydrated or
has higher than normal levels of solute in the urine from excessive
secretion (calcium, uric acid).
Answer: Renal Calculus Cause


◉ Dull, localized flank pain Acute discomfort accompanied by
nausea and vomiting, diaphoresis (sweating), tachycardia, and
tachypnea (abnormal, rapid breathing) Renal colic (intermittent,
sharp pain) develops as the stone moves to the ureteropelvic
junction
Answer: Renal Calculus S/S


◉ Urinary retention
Obstruction to flow

, Decreased stream
Hesitancy; difficulty initiating a stream
Interruption of the stream
Infection caused by retention
Answer: Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy S/S


◉ "salt-retaining hormone". Steroid that promotes the retention of
Na+ by the kidneys. Na+ retention promotes water retention, which
promotes a higher blood volume and pressur
Answer: .Aldosterone


◉ Promotes retention of water by kidneys and increases blood
pressure.
Answer: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)


◉ Diabetes
Hypertension
Recurrent pyelonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic kidney disease
Family history of CKD