NUR 641E FINAL EXAM 2026 TEST
BANK COMPLETE QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ The route of administration with the highest bioavailability is.
Answer: Intravenous, putting an entire dose into a patient's vein and
bypassing absorption
◉ Intravenous route avoids.
Answer: First-pass metabolism in the liver
◉ Rectal administration has.
Answer: variable and erratic absorption
◉ Steady State (SS) is usually reached within.
Answer: 4-5 half-lives of a drug
◉ Half-life of a drug is.
Answer: How long it takes for the drug to be excreted from the body
- determines how frequently the drug must be administered
- predicts how long toxic effects can last
◉ First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics means.
,Answer: The metabolism is directly proportional to the free
concentration of the drug
◉ Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means.
Answer: A drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
◉ CYP3A4 substrate drugs may have a decreased activity if.
Answer: Any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it
◉ Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA.
Answer: a: Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drugs
b: Preclinical research with animal testing for safety
c: Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication
pharmacokinetics (Phase 1)
d: Clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety, usually
in a population for which the treatment is intended (Phase 2)
e: Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accept
medications or placebo for efficacy and safety (Phase 3)
f: FDA review of the results to determine approval
,g: Post marketing study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier
clinical studies (Phase 4)
◉ Medication safety organizations include the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), the Institute for Safe Medication Practices
(ISMP), and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare
Organizations (JCAHO).
Answer: a: The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
b: The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c: The Joint Commission
d: The National Coordinating Counsil for Medication Error Reporting
and Prevention (NCC MERP)
e: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
◉ Two basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
Answer: Pharmacological and Idiosyncratic
◉ Percent of adverse drug reactions that are pharmacological.
Answer: 85%-90%
, ◉ Adverse drug reactions are usually.
Answer: Preventable, frequently occur in a hospital or nursing home
setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug effects, and allergic
and idiosyncratic type reactions
◉ Are adverse drug reactions commonly reported.
Answer: No, ADRs are not commonly reported, the FDA does not
mandate that ADRs be reported
◉ Polypharmacy.
Answer: Involves using multiple health care providers for care, using
multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription
filling
◉ Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs).
Answer: Lisinopril, Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril,
Fosinopril
◉ How ACEI reduce blood pressure.
Answer: ACEI reduce blood pressure by suppressing the release of
angiotensin-converting enzyme
◉ Important side effects of ACEI include.
BANK COMPLETE QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ The route of administration with the highest bioavailability is.
Answer: Intravenous, putting an entire dose into a patient's vein and
bypassing absorption
◉ Intravenous route avoids.
Answer: First-pass metabolism in the liver
◉ Rectal administration has.
Answer: variable and erratic absorption
◉ Steady State (SS) is usually reached within.
Answer: 4-5 half-lives of a drug
◉ Half-life of a drug is.
Answer: How long it takes for the drug to be excreted from the body
- determines how frequently the drug must be administered
- predicts how long toxic effects can last
◉ First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics means.
,Answer: The metabolism is directly proportional to the free
concentration of the drug
◉ Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means.
Answer: A drug is metabolized at a constant rate per unit time
◉ CYP3A4 substrate drugs may have a decreased activity if.
Answer: Any CYP3A4 inducer drugs are used along with it
◉ Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA.
Answer: a: Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drugs
b: Preclinical research with animal testing for safety
c: Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication
pharmacokinetics (Phase 1)
d: Clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety, usually
in a population for which the treatment is intended (Phase 2)
e: Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accept
medications or placebo for efficacy and safety (Phase 3)
f: FDA review of the results to determine approval
,g: Post marketing study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier
clinical studies (Phase 4)
◉ Medication safety organizations include the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), the Institute for Safe Medication Practices
(ISMP), and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare
Organizations (JCAHO).
Answer: a: The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
b: The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c: The Joint Commission
d: The National Coordinating Counsil for Medication Error Reporting
and Prevention (NCC MERP)
e: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
◉ Two basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs).
Answer: Pharmacological and Idiosyncratic
◉ Percent of adverse drug reactions that are pharmacological.
Answer: 85%-90%
, ◉ Adverse drug reactions are usually.
Answer: Preventable, frequently occur in a hospital or nursing home
setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug effects, and allergic
and idiosyncratic type reactions
◉ Are adverse drug reactions commonly reported.
Answer: No, ADRs are not commonly reported, the FDA does not
mandate that ADRs be reported
◉ Polypharmacy.
Answer: Involves using multiple health care providers for care, using
multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription
filling
◉ Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs).
Answer: Lisinopril, Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril,
Fosinopril
◉ How ACEI reduce blood pressure.
Answer: ACEI reduce blood pressure by suppressing the release of
angiotensin-converting enzyme
◉ Important side effects of ACEI include.
