NUR_635_MIDTERM_REVISION_HANDBOOK_2026_ADVERSE_DRUG_REACTIONS_AND.pdf

NUR 635 MIDTERM REVISION HANDBOOK 2026
ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS AND PATIENT
SAFETY

◉ right heart failure is associated with.
Answer: pulmonary disease and increased pulmonary vascular
resistance


◉ what drug relieves heart failure symptoms but does not reduce
mortality.
Answer: furosemide


◉ Loop diuretics can cause and MOA.
Answer: diuretic resistance and hypokalemia and work on receptors
in ascending loop of henle


◉ Loop diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of what.
Answer: sodium and chloride


◉ 2 potassium sparing diuretics.
Answer: Spironolactone
Triamterene

,◉ What is milrinone (class and use).
Answer: phosphodiesterase inhibitor used for acute heart failure


◉ Digoxin MOA.
Answer: increases cardiac force of contraction, improves cardiac
function and HF sx


◉ Digoxin half life.
Answer: 36-48 hours (33-40 is listed on study guide)


◉ Digoxin increases cardiac mortality in what group?.
Answer: women


◉ Digoxin is used when?.
Answer: ACEIs, BB and diuretics have not improved function


◉ Digoxin toxicity occurs in what % of patients and what is the
antidote.
Answer: 25%, digibind


◉ HF Stage A.

, Answer: ACEIs (drug of choice), ARBs are useful but more expensive,
diuretics


◉ HF Stage B therapy.
Answer: ACEI for all patients. ARB for intolerant to ACEI. BB for most
patients, diuretics


◉ HF stage C.
Answer: ACEI and BB for all patients, loop diuretic and potassium
sparing diuretic


◉ Hypokalemia will do what to digoxin toxicity.
Answer: increase. (drugs like albuterol can lower serum potassium
levels)


◉ HF stage D treatment.
Answer: stage C treatment + inotropes (dobutamine), diuretics,
ventricular assist device, transplant, hospice


◉ children with tetralogy of fallot can stop hypoxic spells by.
Answer: squatting down