NUR 631 REVISION HANDBOOK 2026
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE AND CLINICAL
GUIDELINES
◉ In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as
glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in which location?
a. Juxtamedullary nephrons
b. Glomerulus basement membranes
c. Mesangium of the glomerular capillaries
d. Parietal epithelium.
Answer: b. Glomerulus basement membranes
Exp: Glomerulonephritis develops with the deposition of antigen-
antibody complexes (IgG, immunoglobulin A [IgA] and C3
complement) in the glomerulus, or the antigen may be trapped
within the glomerulus and immune complexes formed in situ.
Immunofluorescence microscopy shows lumpy deposits of IgG and
C3 complement on the glomerular basement membrane (see figure
39-5) When considering IgG nephropathies the only location of the
IgG immunoglobulins is the correct option. page 1381
,◉ By what mechanism does intussusception cause an intestinal
obstruction?
a. Telescoping of part of the intestine into another section of
intestine, usually causing strangulation of the blood supply
b. Twisting the intestine on its mesenteric pedicle, causing occlusion
of the blood supply
c. Loss of peristaltic motor activity in the intestine, causing an
adynamic ileus
d. Forming fibrin and scar tissue that attach to the intestinal
omentum, causing obstruction.
Answer: a. Telescoping of part of the intestine into another section of
intestine, usually causing strangulation of the blood supply
Exp: Intussusception is the telescoping of part of the intestine into
another section of intestine, usually causing strangulation of the
blood supply. page 1431 Table 41-2
◉ After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations
that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor,
sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism?
a. Anaphylactic reaction in which chemical mediators, such as
histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, relax vascular smooth
muscles, causing shock
,b. Postoperative hemorrhage during which a large volume of blood
is lost, causing hypotension with compensatory tachycardia
c. Concentrated bolus that moves from the stomach into the small
intestine, causing hyperglycemia and resulting in polyuria and
eventually hypovolemic shock
d. Rapid gastric emptying and the creation of a high osmotic
gradient in the small intestine, causing a sudden shift of fluid from
the blood vessels to the intestinal lumen.
Answer: d. Rapid gastric emptying and the creation of a high osmotic
gradient in the small intestine, causing a sudden shift of fluid from
the blood vessels to the intestinal lumen
Exp: Dumping syndrome occurs with varying severity in 5% to 10%
of individuals who have undergone partial gastrectomy or
pyloroplasty. Rapid gastric emptying and the creation of a high
osmotic gradient in the small intestine cause a sudden shift of fluid
from the vascular compartment to the intestinal lumen. Plasma
volume decreases, causing vasomotor responses, such as increased
pulse rate, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness.
Rapid distention of the intestine produces a feeling of epigastric
fullness, cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. This selection is
the only option that accurately identifies the mechanism responsible
for the described situation. page 1440
◉ Which term is used to identify an intestinal obstruction caused by
meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres
firmly to the mucosa of the small intestine?
, a. meconium cecum
b. meconim ileus
c. meconium obstruction
d. meconium vivax.
Answer: b. meconim ileus
Exp: Meconium ileus is the only term used to identify an intestinal
obstruction caused by meconium formed in utero that is abnormally
sticky and adheres firmly to the mucosa of the small intestine,
resisting passage beyond the terminal ileum. The cause is usually a
lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life. page 1490
◉ With which medical diagnosis is meconium ileus often associated?
a. Muscular dystrophy
b. Cerebral palsy
c. Cystic fibrosis
d. Congenital aganglionic megacolon.
Answer: c. Cystic fibrosis
EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE AND CLINICAL
GUIDELINES
◉ In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as
glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in which location?
a. Juxtamedullary nephrons
b. Glomerulus basement membranes
c. Mesangium of the glomerular capillaries
d. Parietal epithelium.
Answer: b. Glomerulus basement membranes
Exp: Glomerulonephritis develops with the deposition of antigen-
antibody complexes (IgG, immunoglobulin A [IgA] and C3
complement) in the glomerulus, or the antigen may be trapped
within the glomerulus and immune complexes formed in situ.
Immunofluorescence microscopy shows lumpy deposits of IgG and
C3 complement on the glomerular basement membrane (see figure
39-5) When considering IgG nephropathies the only location of the
IgG immunoglobulins is the correct option. page 1381
,◉ By what mechanism does intussusception cause an intestinal
obstruction?
a. Telescoping of part of the intestine into another section of
intestine, usually causing strangulation of the blood supply
b. Twisting the intestine on its mesenteric pedicle, causing occlusion
of the blood supply
c. Loss of peristaltic motor activity in the intestine, causing an
adynamic ileus
d. Forming fibrin and scar tissue that attach to the intestinal
omentum, causing obstruction.
Answer: a. Telescoping of part of the intestine into another section of
intestine, usually causing strangulation of the blood supply
Exp: Intussusception is the telescoping of part of the intestine into
another section of intestine, usually causing strangulation of the
blood supply. page 1431 Table 41-2
◉ After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations
that include increased pulse, hypotension, weakness, pallor,
sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism?
a. Anaphylactic reaction in which chemical mediators, such as
histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, relax vascular smooth
muscles, causing shock
,b. Postoperative hemorrhage during which a large volume of blood
is lost, causing hypotension with compensatory tachycardia
c. Concentrated bolus that moves from the stomach into the small
intestine, causing hyperglycemia and resulting in polyuria and
eventually hypovolemic shock
d. Rapid gastric emptying and the creation of a high osmotic
gradient in the small intestine, causing a sudden shift of fluid from
the blood vessels to the intestinal lumen.
Answer: d. Rapid gastric emptying and the creation of a high osmotic
gradient in the small intestine, causing a sudden shift of fluid from
the blood vessels to the intestinal lumen
Exp: Dumping syndrome occurs with varying severity in 5% to 10%
of individuals who have undergone partial gastrectomy or
pyloroplasty. Rapid gastric emptying and the creation of a high
osmotic gradient in the small intestine cause a sudden shift of fluid
from the vascular compartment to the intestinal lumen. Plasma
volume decreases, causing vasomotor responses, such as increased
pulse rate, hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness.
Rapid distention of the intestine produces a feeling of epigastric
fullness, cramping, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. This selection is
the only option that accurately identifies the mechanism responsible
for the described situation. page 1440
◉ Which term is used to identify an intestinal obstruction caused by
meconium formed in utero that is abnormally sticky and adheres
firmly to the mucosa of the small intestine?
, a. meconium cecum
b. meconim ileus
c. meconium obstruction
d. meconium vivax.
Answer: b. meconim ileus
Exp: Meconium ileus is the only term used to identify an intestinal
obstruction caused by meconium formed in utero that is abnormally
sticky and adheres firmly to the mucosa of the small intestine,
resisting passage beyond the terminal ileum. The cause is usually a
lack of digestive enzymes during fetal life. page 1490
◉ With which medical diagnosis is meconium ileus often associated?
a. Muscular dystrophy
b. Cerebral palsy
c. Cystic fibrosis
d. Congenital aganglionic megacolon.
Answer: c. Cystic fibrosis
