NUR 631 LEARNING WORKBOOK 2026 PATIENT
ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC REASONING
SKILLS
◉ What factor associated with gluten/sensitive enteropathy (celiac
sprue) causes an infant to bruise and bleed easily?
a. Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
b. Bone marrow function depression
c. Iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias
d. Prescribed daily warfarin ;Coumadin.
Answer: a. Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
Exp: Deficiencies of fat/soluble vitamins (such as vitamin K) are
common in children with gluten/sensitive enteropathy. Vitamin K
malabsorption leads to hypoprothrombinemia, causing the child to
bruise and bleed easily. This selection is the only option that
accurately describes the mechanism that causes bruising and
bleeding in children diagnosed with celiac sprue. page 1497
◉ In an infant who is 6 weeks old, an increase in bilirubin
production and persistent jaundice support which diagnosis?
a. Pathologic hyperbilirubinemia
,b. Physiologic Jaundice
c. Hepatitis A
d. Infantile cirrhosis.
Answer: a. Pathologic hyperbilirubinemia
Exp: Physiologic jaundice develops during the second or third day
after birth and usually subsides in 1 to 2 weeks in full/term infants
and in 2 to 4 weeks in premature infants. After this development,
increased bilirubin values and persistent jaundice indicate
pathologic hyperbilirubinemia. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the diagnosis associated with these symptoms
and timeline. page 1500 - 1501
◉ Physiologic jaundice in a newborn is caused by:
a. Reabsorption of bilirubin in the small intestine
b. Impaired hepatic uptake and excretion of bilirubin
c. Increased bilirubin production
d. Mild conjugated (indirect-reacting) hyperbilirubinemia.
Answer: d. Mild conjugated (indirect-reacting) hyperbilirubinemia
Exp: page 1500
,◉ In children, the risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) are
primarily associated with:
a. Living in urban communities
b. Mothers who are hepatitis C carriers
c. Transfusion therapy for hemophilia
d. Those of hispanic ethnic background.
Answer: c. Transfusion therapy for hemophilia
Exp: Risk factors for HBV infection include infants of mothers who
are carriers of chronic
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hemophiliacs who receive
frequent blood transfusions, children who abuse parenteral drugs,
and children who live in residences for those who are mentally
delayed. HBV is endemic in China and other parts of Asia where
most infections occur in infants and children as a result of
maternal/neonatal transmission. page 1502
◉ Cystic fibrosis is directly responsible for complications to which
structures? (Select all that apply.)
a. Muscles
b. Kidneys
c. Lymph nodes
, d. Cervix
e. Liver.
Answer: d. Cervix
e. Liver
Exp: Of the options available, only cervical inflammation and portal
hypertension (liver) are complications directly related to cystic
fibrosis. page 1495 Table 42-1
◉ Periduodenal band.
Answer: Intestinal malrotation is a condition in which rotation does
not occur and the colon remains in the upper right quadrant, where
an abnormal membrane may press and obstruct the duodenum. The
obstructing band over the duodenum, called a periduodenal band, is
one of the most significant findings in malrotation. page 1489
◉ Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease).
Answer: Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease)
is a functional obstruction of the colon caused by the absence of the
enteric ganglia along a variable length of the colon with inadequate
motility. page 1497
◉ Meconium ileus.
ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC REASONING
SKILLS
◉ What factor associated with gluten/sensitive enteropathy (celiac
sprue) causes an infant to bruise and bleed easily?
a. Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
b. Bone marrow function depression
c. Iron, folate, and B12 deficiency anemias
d. Prescribed daily warfarin ;Coumadin.
Answer: a. Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption
Exp: Deficiencies of fat/soluble vitamins (such as vitamin K) are
common in children with gluten/sensitive enteropathy. Vitamin K
malabsorption leads to hypoprothrombinemia, causing the child to
bruise and bleed easily. This selection is the only option that
accurately describes the mechanism that causes bruising and
bleeding in children diagnosed with celiac sprue. page 1497
◉ In an infant who is 6 weeks old, an increase in bilirubin
production and persistent jaundice support which diagnosis?
a. Pathologic hyperbilirubinemia
,b. Physiologic Jaundice
c. Hepatitis A
d. Infantile cirrhosis.
Answer: a. Pathologic hyperbilirubinemia
Exp: Physiologic jaundice develops during the second or third day
after birth and usually subsides in 1 to 2 weeks in full/term infants
and in 2 to 4 weeks in premature infants. After this development,
increased bilirubin values and persistent jaundice indicate
pathologic hyperbilirubinemia. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the diagnosis associated with these symptoms
and timeline. page 1500 - 1501
◉ Physiologic jaundice in a newborn is caused by:
a. Reabsorption of bilirubin in the small intestine
b. Impaired hepatic uptake and excretion of bilirubin
c. Increased bilirubin production
d. Mild conjugated (indirect-reacting) hyperbilirubinemia.
Answer: d. Mild conjugated (indirect-reacting) hyperbilirubinemia
Exp: page 1500
,◉ In children, the risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) are
primarily associated with:
a. Living in urban communities
b. Mothers who are hepatitis C carriers
c. Transfusion therapy for hemophilia
d. Those of hispanic ethnic background.
Answer: c. Transfusion therapy for hemophilia
Exp: Risk factors for HBV infection include infants of mothers who
are carriers of chronic
hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hemophiliacs who receive
frequent blood transfusions, children who abuse parenteral drugs,
and children who live in residences for those who are mentally
delayed. HBV is endemic in China and other parts of Asia where
most infections occur in infants and children as a result of
maternal/neonatal transmission. page 1502
◉ Cystic fibrosis is directly responsible for complications to which
structures? (Select all that apply.)
a. Muscles
b. Kidneys
c. Lymph nodes
, d. Cervix
e. Liver.
Answer: d. Cervix
e. Liver
Exp: Of the options available, only cervical inflammation and portal
hypertension (liver) are complications directly related to cystic
fibrosis. page 1495 Table 42-1
◉ Periduodenal band.
Answer: Intestinal malrotation is a condition in which rotation does
not occur and the colon remains in the upper right quadrant, where
an abnormal membrane may press and obstruct the duodenum. The
obstructing band over the duodenum, called a periduodenal band, is
one of the most significant findings in malrotation. page 1489
◉ Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease).
Answer: Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease)
is a functional obstruction of the colon caused by the absence of the
enteric ganglia along a variable length of the colon with inadequate
motility. page 1497
◉ Meconium ileus.
