NUR 631 EXAM PREPARATION PACK 2026 KEY
CONCEPTS AND REVISION NOTES
◉ "List DVT risk factors mentioned."
Answer: "Immobility/sedentary lifestyle, surgery, smoking,
hormonal birth control."
◉ "Key treatment goal for DVT emphasized?"
Answer: "Prevent clot propagation and embolization, especially
pulmonary embolism."
◉ "Medication class mentioned for initial DVT management?"
Answer: "Heparin (anticoagulation)."
◉ "Which biomarkers were emphasized for myocardial injury?"
Answer: "Troponin and CK-MB."
◉ "Elevated troponin generally indicates what?"
Answer: "Myocardial cell injury."
◉ "How was stage 1 hypertension identified (range emphasized)?"
Answer: "Diastolic 80-89 mmHg."
,◉ "How was stage 2 hypertension identified?"
Answer: "Diastolic 90 mmHg or higher."
◉ "What defines hypertensive crisis in the lecture?"
Answer: "Diastolic 120 mmHg or higher."
◉ "Severe hypertension risks included what complications?"
Answer: "Stroke, aneurysm, retinopathy, renal damage."
◉ "What is pulmonary circulation?"
Answer: "Right side of heart pumps blood to lungs and returns it to
left heart."
◉ "What is systemic circulation?"
Answer: "Left side of heart pumps blood to the body and returns it
to right heart."
◉ "Stable angina is typically triggered by what?"
Answer: "Exertion and is predictable."
◉ "Unstable angina typically occurs when?"
,Answer: "At rest, unpredictable, and urgent."
◉ "Variant (Prinzmetal) angina mechanism mentioned?"
Answer: "Coronary artery spasm."
◉ "Left-sided heart failure leads to backup into where?"
Answer: "Lungs (pulmonary congestion)."
◉ "Right-sided heart failure leads to backup into where?"
Answer: "Systemic venous circulation (JVD, hepatomegaly, edema)."
◉ "What is cor pulmonale?"
Answer: "Right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension
or chronic lung disease."
◉ "Examples of chronic lung disease linked to cor pulmonale in the
lecture?"
Answer: "COPD and chronic bronchitis."
◉ Blood returns to the heart from the body through the ________.
Answer: Superior vena cava / Inferior vena cava
, ◉ Blood moves from the vena cavae into the ________.
Answer: Right atrium
◉ Blood flows from the right atrium through the ________ valve.
Answer: Tricuspid valve
◉ Blood moves from the tricuspid valve into the ________.
Answer: Right ventricle
◉ Blood exits the right ventricle through the ________.
Answer: Pulmonary valve
◉ Blood moves from the pulmonary valve into the ________.
Answer: Pulmonary trunk
◉ Blood moves from the pulmonary trunk into the ________.
Answer: Pulmonary arteries
◉ Blood becomes oxygenated in the ________.
Answer: Lungs
◉ Blood moves from the lungs into the ________.
CONCEPTS AND REVISION NOTES
◉ "List DVT risk factors mentioned."
Answer: "Immobility/sedentary lifestyle, surgery, smoking,
hormonal birth control."
◉ "Key treatment goal for DVT emphasized?"
Answer: "Prevent clot propagation and embolization, especially
pulmonary embolism."
◉ "Medication class mentioned for initial DVT management?"
Answer: "Heparin (anticoagulation)."
◉ "Which biomarkers were emphasized for myocardial injury?"
Answer: "Troponin and CK-MB."
◉ "Elevated troponin generally indicates what?"
Answer: "Myocardial cell injury."
◉ "How was stage 1 hypertension identified (range emphasized)?"
Answer: "Diastolic 80-89 mmHg."
,◉ "How was stage 2 hypertension identified?"
Answer: "Diastolic 90 mmHg or higher."
◉ "What defines hypertensive crisis in the lecture?"
Answer: "Diastolic 120 mmHg or higher."
◉ "Severe hypertension risks included what complications?"
Answer: "Stroke, aneurysm, retinopathy, renal damage."
◉ "What is pulmonary circulation?"
Answer: "Right side of heart pumps blood to lungs and returns it to
left heart."
◉ "What is systemic circulation?"
Answer: "Left side of heart pumps blood to the body and returns it
to right heart."
◉ "Stable angina is typically triggered by what?"
Answer: "Exertion and is predictable."
◉ "Unstable angina typically occurs when?"
,Answer: "At rest, unpredictable, and urgent."
◉ "Variant (Prinzmetal) angina mechanism mentioned?"
Answer: "Coronary artery spasm."
◉ "Left-sided heart failure leads to backup into where?"
Answer: "Lungs (pulmonary congestion)."
◉ "Right-sided heart failure leads to backup into where?"
Answer: "Systemic venous circulation (JVD, hepatomegaly, edema)."
◉ "What is cor pulmonale?"
Answer: "Right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension
or chronic lung disease."
◉ "Examples of chronic lung disease linked to cor pulmonale in the
lecture?"
Answer: "COPD and chronic bronchitis."
◉ Blood returns to the heart from the body through the ________.
Answer: Superior vena cava / Inferior vena cava
, ◉ Blood moves from the vena cavae into the ________.
Answer: Right atrium
◉ Blood flows from the right atrium through the ________ valve.
Answer: Tricuspid valve
◉ Blood moves from the tricuspid valve into the ________.
Answer: Right ventricle
◉ Blood exits the right ventricle through the ________.
Answer: Pulmonary valve
◉ Blood moves from the pulmonary valve into the ________.
Answer: Pulmonary trunk
◉ Blood moves from the pulmonary trunk into the ________.
Answer: Pulmonary arteries
◉ Blood becomes oxygenated in the ________.
Answer: Lungs
◉ Blood moves from the lungs into the ________.
