GEO 1300 Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bd0pye
1. Lithosphere Crust and uppermost mantle (rigid)
2. Asthenosphere upper portion of mantle (plastic)
3. Core Inner (solid) outer (liquid)
4. Continental crust granite, less dense
5. oceanic crust basalt, more dense
6. isostasy vertical movements of earths crust
7. igneaous rock a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface
8. sedimentary rock a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment
9. metamorphic altered by heat and pressure
10. Divergent plates plate boundary where two plates separate, causes mid-ocean ridge
11. convergent Plates moving together. Denser plate descends below the other.
plates
12. Transform A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions
boundary
13. exogenic process that supply energy that lead to landforms. Main agents are water, ice,
processes wind, gravity
14. endogenic Forces within Earth that affect its surface, such as plate tectonics, volcanic erup-
processes tions, and earthquakes
15. Craton a large, stable block of the earth's crust forming the nucleus of a continent.
16. orogen a linear range of mountains
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, GEO 1300 Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bd0pye
17. types of defor- translation (change of location)
mation rotation (change in orientation)
distortion (Change in shape)
18. compression Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
19. tension Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
20. shear stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement
21. erosion Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e.
weathering, glaciation)
22. denudation any process that wears away or rearranges landforms
23. jointing natural cracks that form in rocks due to removal of overburden or due to cooling
24. crystallization growth of crystals from dissolved minerals break apart rocks
25. unloading Reduced pressure on igneous rock causes it to expand and allows slabs of outer
rock to break off in layers in a process called exfoliation
26. Carbonation rain and carbon dioxide mixed to dissolve certain materials
weathering
27. oxidation A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron
oxidizes, forming rust
28. hydrolysis the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
29. hydration solution process with water as the solvent
30. solid particles subject to erosion, transport, deposition
31. Endogenic internal processes such as volcanic and tectonic activity
2/8
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bd0pye
1. Lithosphere Crust and uppermost mantle (rigid)
2. Asthenosphere upper portion of mantle (plastic)
3. Core Inner (solid) outer (liquid)
4. Continental crust granite, less dense
5. oceanic crust basalt, more dense
6. isostasy vertical movements of earths crust
7. igneaous rock a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface
8. sedimentary rock a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment
9. metamorphic altered by heat and pressure
10. Divergent plates plate boundary where two plates separate, causes mid-ocean ridge
11. convergent Plates moving together. Denser plate descends below the other.
plates
12. Transform A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions
boundary
13. exogenic process that supply energy that lead to landforms. Main agents are water, ice,
processes wind, gravity
14. endogenic Forces within Earth that affect its surface, such as plate tectonics, volcanic erup-
processes tions, and earthquakes
15. Craton a large, stable block of the earth's crust forming the nucleus of a continent.
16. orogen a linear range of mountains
1/8
, GEO 1300 Final Exam Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bd0pye
17. types of defor- translation (change of location)
mation rotation (change in orientation)
distortion (Change in shape)
18. compression Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
19. tension Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
20. shear stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement
21. erosion Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e.
weathering, glaciation)
22. denudation any process that wears away or rearranges landforms
23. jointing natural cracks that form in rocks due to removal of overburden or due to cooling
24. crystallization growth of crystals from dissolved minerals break apart rocks
25. unloading Reduced pressure on igneous rock causes it to expand and allows slabs of outer
rock to break off in layers in a process called exfoliation
26. Carbonation rain and carbon dioxide mixed to dissolve certain materials
weathering
27. oxidation A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron
oxidizes, forming rust
28. hydrolysis the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
29. hydration solution process with water as the solvent
30. solid particles subject to erosion, transport, deposition
31. Endogenic internal processes such as volcanic and tectonic activity
2/8
