Nur_265_Exam_1_Final_Script_2026_Complete_Answers_Study_Guide.pdf

NUR 265 EXAM 1 FINAL SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE

◉ Describe dialysis disequilibrium syndrome
Answer: -Life threatening! (occurs if fluid is pulled off too fast)
-S/S: restless, headache, decreased LOC, seizures, coma
-Call a rapid immediately
-Give barbiturates and anticonvulsants


◉ What is cirrhosis?
Answer: An extensive, irreversible scarring of the liver.


◉ What are common causes of cirrhosis?
Answer: -ETOH
-Viral hepatitis (HEP C)
- Autoimmune hepatitis
-Drugs and chemicals (aetaminophen or anything else hepatotoxic)


◉ What are early S/S of cirrhosis?
Answer: -Enlarged liver
-Fatigue

,-Weight loss
-Anorexia
-N/V
-Abdominal pain


◉ What are end stage S/S of cirrhosis?
Answer: -Ascites
-Small liver
-clotting disorder (bruising, GI bleed)
-Jaundice
-Elevated ammonia levels (give Lactulose)
-Hepatic encephalopathy
-Decreased bile production


◉ What are the stages of hepatic encephalopathy?
Answer: -Stage 1: personality changes, subtle things that may not be
recognized


-Stage 2: Continuing mental changes, mental confusion,
disorientation to time, place, and person


-Stage 3: Marked mental confusion, progressive deterioration

, -Stage 4: metabolic acidosis, unresponsiveness leading to death in
most patients, unarousable


◉ What causes hepatic encephalopathy?
Answer: The buildup of ammonia in the body


◉ Describe the physical assessment of an end stage cirrhosis
patient.
Answer: -Ascites
-Jaundice
-Coagulation problems
-Fatigue
-Spider angiomas
-Petechiae
-Liver flaps (asterixis)


◉ What is a Blake-Moore tube used for?
Answer: Esophageal Varices


◉ Describe a paracentesis.