Cardiovascular: End of Curriculum (EOC) Exam
2026/2027 Blueprint (Smarty PANCE)
119 studiers today Leave the first rating
Terms in this set (305)
What is Atrial Fibrillation? Irregularly irregular atrial rhythm with
chaotic atrial activity and loss of
organized P waves, resulting in irregular
ventricular response
What ECG findings define Irregularly irregular rhythm, absent P waves,
atrial fibrillation? fibrillatory waves (irregular baseline),
variable R-R intervals
What is the most common Atrial fibrillation (affects 2-3% of population,
sustained cardiac arrhythmia? prevalence increases with age)
,What is the stroke risk CHA2DS2-VASc score: CHF (1),
classification tool for atrial Hypertension (1), Age ≥75 (2), Diabetes
fibrillation? (1),
Stroke/TIA (2), Vascular disease (1), Age
65-74 (1), Sex-female (1); score ≥2
warrants anticoagulation
What is the rate control Beta-blockers (metoprolol, esmolol) or non-
strategy for atrial fibrillation? dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
(diltiazem, verapamil) to target heart rate
<110 bpm (lenient control) or
<80 bpm (strict control)
What is the rhythm control Cardioversion (electrical or pharmacologic
strategy for atrial fibrillation? with amiodarone, ibutilide, flecainide) to
restore sinus rhythm; requires
anticoagulation for 3 weeks before and
4 weeks after if duration >48 hours or
unknown
What are the risk factors for Pulmonary disease (COPD, PE),
atrial fibrillation (mnemonic: Ischemia (MI), Rheumatic heart disease,
PIRATES)? Anemia/Atrial myxoma, Thyrotoxicosis,
Ethanol (holiday heart), Sepsis
What is Atrial Flutter? Organized atrial tachyarrhythmia with
rapid atrial rate (250-350 bpm) and regular
sawtooth flutter waves, typically with 2:1 AV
, conduction resulting in ventricular rate of
150 bpm
What ECG findings define Sawtooth flutter waves (best seen in leads
atrial flutter? II, III, aVF, V1), regular atrial rate 250-350
bpm, fixed AV conduction ratio (commonly
2:1, 3:1, 4:1)
What is the typical ventricular 150 bpm (atrial rate 300 bpm divided by 2:1
rate in untreated atrial flutter block)
with 2:1 conduction?
What maneuver can help Carotid massage or adenosine
unmask atrial flutter waves? administration temporarily increases AV
block, revealing flutter waves by slowing
ventricular rate
What is the definitive treatment Catheter ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus
for atrial flutter? (CTI) with >95% success rate and
low recurrence
2026/2027 Blueprint (Smarty PANCE)
119 studiers today Leave the first rating
Terms in this set (305)
What is Atrial Fibrillation? Irregularly irregular atrial rhythm with
chaotic atrial activity and loss of
organized P waves, resulting in irregular
ventricular response
What ECG findings define Irregularly irregular rhythm, absent P waves,
atrial fibrillation? fibrillatory waves (irregular baseline),
variable R-R intervals
What is the most common Atrial fibrillation (affects 2-3% of population,
sustained cardiac arrhythmia? prevalence increases with age)
,What is the stroke risk CHA2DS2-VASc score: CHF (1),
classification tool for atrial Hypertension (1), Age ≥75 (2), Diabetes
fibrillation? (1),
Stroke/TIA (2), Vascular disease (1), Age
65-74 (1), Sex-female (1); score ≥2
warrants anticoagulation
What is the rate control Beta-blockers (metoprolol, esmolol) or non-
strategy for atrial fibrillation? dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
(diltiazem, verapamil) to target heart rate
<110 bpm (lenient control) or
<80 bpm (strict control)
What is the rhythm control Cardioversion (electrical or pharmacologic
strategy for atrial fibrillation? with amiodarone, ibutilide, flecainide) to
restore sinus rhythm; requires
anticoagulation for 3 weeks before and
4 weeks after if duration >48 hours or
unknown
What are the risk factors for Pulmonary disease (COPD, PE),
atrial fibrillation (mnemonic: Ischemia (MI), Rheumatic heart disease,
PIRATES)? Anemia/Atrial myxoma, Thyrotoxicosis,
Ethanol (holiday heart), Sepsis
What is Atrial Flutter? Organized atrial tachyarrhythmia with
rapid atrial rate (250-350 bpm) and regular
sawtooth flutter waves, typically with 2:1 AV
, conduction resulting in ventricular rate of
150 bpm
What ECG findings define Sawtooth flutter waves (best seen in leads
atrial flutter? II, III, aVF, V1), regular atrial rate 250-350
bpm, fixed AV conduction ratio (commonly
2:1, 3:1, 4:1)
What is the typical ventricular 150 bpm (atrial rate 300 bpm divided by 2:1
rate in untreated atrial flutter block)
with 2:1 conduction?
What maneuver can help Carotid massage or adenosine
unmask atrial flutter waves? administration temporarily increases AV
block, revealing flutter waves by slowing
ventricular rate
What is the definitive treatment Catheter ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus
for atrial flutter? (CTI) with >95% success rate and
low recurrence
