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CCHT CERTIFICATION EXAM 2026/2027 |
CERTIFIED CLINICAL HEMODIALYSIS TECHNICIAN
– NNCC | EXPERT VERIFIED | 150 VERIFIED Q&A |
NGN-ALIGNED | DETAILED RATIONALES | PASS
GUARANTEED - A+ GRADED
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE (Questions 1-100)
Instructions: Select the single best answer for each question.
1. What is the primary function of the kidneys?
• A) To produce red blood cells
• B) To filter waste products from the blood and maintain fluid balance
• C) To digest food
• D) To regulate blood pressure only
Answer: B) To filter waste products from the blood and maintain fluid balance
Rationale: The kidneys filter waste products (urea, creatinine) from the blood and maintain fluid and
electrolyte balance. They also produce erythropoietin (EPO) and regulate blood pressure.
Teaching Point: The kidneys filter approximately 180 liters of blood daily, producing about 1-2 liters
of urine.
2. What is the normal range for glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
• A) 10-30 mL/min
• B) 30-60 mL/min
• C) 60-100 mL/min
• D) 90-120 mL/min
Answer: D) 90-120 mL/min
Rationale: Normal GFR is approximately 90-120 mL/min/1.73m². A GFR below 60 mL/min for 3
months or more indicates chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Teaching Point: GFR is the best indicator of kidney function.
3. Which of the following is a waste product excreted by the kidneys?
,2
• A) Glucose
• B) Protein
• C) Urea
• D) Bicarbonate
Answer: C) Urea
Rationale: Urea is a waste product formed from protein metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys.
Glucose, protein, and bicarbonate are not waste products (though glucose and protein may appear
in urine in disease states).
Teaching Point: Urea is measured as BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen).
4. What is the normal range for serum potassium?
• A) 2.5-3.5 mEq/L
• B) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
• C) 5.0-6.5 mEq/L
• D) 6.5-8.0 mEq/L
Answer: B) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Rationale: Normal serum potassium is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L. Hyperkalemia (potassium > 5.0 mEq/L) is a
common complication in kidney disease.
Teaching Point: Severe hyperkalemia (> 6.5 mEq/L) can cause cardiac arrhythmias.
5. What is the normal range for serum sodium?
• A) 115-125 mEq/L
• B) 125-135 mEq/L
• C) 135-145 mEq/L
• D) 145-155 mEq/L
Answer: C) 135-145 mEq/L
Rationale: Normal serum sodium is 135-145 mEq/L. Sodium plays a critical role in fluid balance and
nerve function.
Teaching Point: Hyponatremia (< 135 mEq/L) and hypernatremia (> 145 mEq/L) can occur in kidney
disease.
6. What is the normal range for serum calcium?
• A) 6.5-8.5 mg/dL
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• B) 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
• C) 10.5-12.5 mg/dL
• D) 12.5-14.5 mg/dL
Answer: B) 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Rationale: Normal serum calcium is 8.5-10.5 mg/dL. Calcium balance is affected in kidney disease
due to decreased vitamin D activation.
Teaching Point: Hypocalcemia is common in CKD due to decreased active vitamin D production.
7. What is the normal range for serum phosphorus?
• A) 1.5-2.5 mg/dL
• B) 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
• C) 4.5-6.5 mg/dL
• D) 6.5-8.5 mg/dL
Answer: B) 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Rationale: Normal serum phosphorus is 2.5-4.5 mg/dL. Hyperphosphatemia is common in CKD due
to decreased excretion.
Teaching Point: Hyperphosphatemia contributes to bone disease and vascular calcification.
8. What is the normal range for BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)?
• A) 5-10 mg/dL
• B) 7-20 mg/dL
• C) 20-35 mg/dL
• D) 35-50 mg/dL
Answer: B) 7-20 mg/dL
Rationale: Normal BUN is 7-20 mg/dL. BUN is elevated in kidney disease due to decreased excretion
of urea.
Teaching Point: BUN can also be affected by protein intake and hydration status.
9. What is the normal range for serum creatinine?
• A) 0.2-0.6 mg/dL
• B) 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
• C) 1.2-2.0 mg/dL
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• D) 2.0-3.0 mg/dL
Answer: B) 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Rationale: Normal serum creatinine is 0.6-1.2 mg/dL. Creatinine is a waste product of muscle
metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys.
Teaching Point: Creatinine is a more reliable indicator of kidney function than BUN.
10. What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
• A) Glomerulonephritis
• B) Diabetes mellitus
• C) Polycystic kidney disease
• D) Hypertension
Answer: B) Diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of CKD, followed by hypertension. Together
they account for approximately 70% of CKD cases.
Teaching Point: Tight glycemic and blood pressure control can slow CKD progression.
11. What is the second most common cause of CKD?
• A) Glomerulonephritis
• B) Diabetes mellitus
• C) Polycystic kidney disease
• D) Hypertension
Answer: D) Hypertension
Rationale: Hypertension is the second most common cause of CKD. Uncontrolled hypertension
damages the kidneys over time.
Teaching Point: Blood pressure control is essential to slow CKD progression.
12. What is the normal serum albumin level?
• A) 1.5-2.5 g/dL
• B) 2.5-3.5 g/dL
• C) 3.5-5.0 g/dL
• D) 5.0-6.5 g/dL
Answer: C) 3.5-5.0 g/dL
CCHT CERTIFICATION EXAM 2026/2027 |
CERTIFIED CLINICAL HEMODIALYSIS TECHNICIAN
– NNCC | EXPERT VERIFIED | 150 VERIFIED Q&A |
NGN-ALIGNED | DETAILED RATIONALES | PASS
GUARANTEED - A+ GRADED
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE (Questions 1-100)
Instructions: Select the single best answer for each question.
1. What is the primary function of the kidneys?
• A) To produce red blood cells
• B) To filter waste products from the blood and maintain fluid balance
• C) To digest food
• D) To regulate blood pressure only
Answer: B) To filter waste products from the blood and maintain fluid balance
Rationale: The kidneys filter waste products (urea, creatinine) from the blood and maintain fluid and
electrolyte balance. They also produce erythropoietin (EPO) and regulate blood pressure.
Teaching Point: The kidneys filter approximately 180 liters of blood daily, producing about 1-2 liters
of urine.
2. What is the normal range for glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
• A) 10-30 mL/min
• B) 30-60 mL/min
• C) 60-100 mL/min
• D) 90-120 mL/min
Answer: D) 90-120 mL/min
Rationale: Normal GFR is approximately 90-120 mL/min/1.73m². A GFR below 60 mL/min for 3
months or more indicates chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Teaching Point: GFR is the best indicator of kidney function.
3. Which of the following is a waste product excreted by the kidneys?
,2
• A) Glucose
• B) Protein
• C) Urea
• D) Bicarbonate
Answer: C) Urea
Rationale: Urea is a waste product formed from protein metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys.
Glucose, protein, and bicarbonate are not waste products (though glucose and protein may appear
in urine in disease states).
Teaching Point: Urea is measured as BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen).
4. What is the normal range for serum potassium?
• A) 2.5-3.5 mEq/L
• B) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
• C) 5.0-6.5 mEq/L
• D) 6.5-8.0 mEq/L
Answer: B) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Rationale: Normal serum potassium is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L. Hyperkalemia (potassium > 5.0 mEq/L) is a
common complication in kidney disease.
Teaching Point: Severe hyperkalemia (> 6.5 mEq/L) can cause cardiac arrhythmias.
5. What is the normal range for serum sodium?
• A) 115-125 mEq/L
• B) 125-135 mEq/L
• C) 135-145 mEq/L
• D) 145-155 mEq/L
Answer: C) 135-145 mEq/L
Rationale: Normal serum sodium is 135-145 mEq/L. Sodium plays a critical role in fluid balance and
nerve function.
Teaching Point: Hyponatremia (< 135 mEq/L) and hypernatremia (> 145 mEq/L) can occur in kidney
disease.
6. What is the normal range for serum calcium?
• A) 6.5-8.5 mg/dL
,3
• B) 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
• C) 10.5-12.5 mg/dL
• D) 12.5-14.5 mg/dL
Answer: B) 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Rationale: Normal serum calcium is 8.5-10.5 mg/dL. Calcium balance is affected in kidney disease
due to decreased vitamin D activation.
Teaching Point: Hypocalcemia is common in CKD due to decreased active vitamin D production.
7. What is the normal range for serum phosphorus?
• A) 1.5-2.5 mg/dL
• B) 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
• C) 4.5-6.5 mg/dL
• D) 6.5-8.5 mg/dL
Answer: B) 2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Rationale: Normal serum phosphorus is 2.5-4.5 mg/dL. Hyperphosphatemia is common in CKD due
to decreased excretion.
Teaching Point: Hyperphosphatemia contributes to bone disease and vascular calcification.
8. What is the normal range for BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)?
• A) 5-10 mg/dL
• B) 7-20 mg/dL
• C) 20-35 mg/dL
• D) 35-50 mg/dL
Answer: B) 7-20 mg/dL
Rationale: Normal BUN is 7-20 mg/dL. BUN is elevated in kidney disease due to decreased excretion
of urea.
Teaching Point: BUN can also be affected by protein intake and hydration status.
9. What is the normal range for serum creatinine?
• A) 0.2-0.6 mg/dL
• B) 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
• C) 1.2-2.0 mg/dL
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• D) 2.0-3.0 mg/dL
Answer: B) 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Rationale: Normal serum creatinine is 0.6-1.2 mg/dL. Creatinine is a waste product of muscle
metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys.
Teaching Point: Creatinine is a more reliable indicator of kidney function than BUN.
10. What is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
• A) Glomerulonephritis
• B) Diabetes mellitus
• C) Polycystic kidney disease
• D) Hypertension
Answer: B) Diabetes mellitus
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of CKD, followed by hypertension. Together
they account for approximately 70% of CKD cases.
Teaching Point: Tight glycemic and blood pressure control can slow CKD progression.
11. What is the second most common cause of CKD?
• A) Glomerulonephritis
• B) Diabetes mellitus
• C) Polycystic kidney disease
• D) Hypertension
Answer: D) Hypertension
Rationale: Hypertension is the second most common cause of CKD. Uncontrolled hypertension
damages the kidneys over time.
Teaching Point: Blood pressure control is essential to slow CKD progression.
12. What is the normal serum albumin level?
• A) 1.5-2.5 g/dL
• B) 2.5-3.5 g/dL
• C) 3.5-5.0 g/dL
• D) 5.0-6.5 g/dL
Answer: C) 3.5-5.0 g/dL
