MEDSURG VATI ASSESSMENT 100 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+. 100% VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS | UPDATED PER LATEST GUIDELINES | GRADED A+...
Question 1
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has been taking furosemide for heart failure. Which
of the following findings should the nurse identify as a priority?
A. Sodium 138 mEq/L
B. Potassium 3.0 mEq/L
C. Calcium 9.2 mg/dL
D. Magnesium 2.1 mEq/L
🟢 Correct Answer:
B. Potassium 3.0 mEq/L
🔴 RATIONALE:
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes potassium excretion. A potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L indicates
hypokalemia, which increases the risk for life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias. This finding requires immediate
intervention. The sodium, calcium, and magnesium levels are within normal limits.
Question 2
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the
following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "I will use a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean my teeth."
B. "I will increase my intake of leafy green vegetables."
,C. "I will take ibuprofen for headaches."
D. "I will stop the medication if I notice bruising."
🟢 Correct Answer:
A. "I will use a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean my teeth."
🔴 RATIONALE:
Warfarin increases bleeding risk. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush minimizes gum trauma and bleeding. Clients
should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods, not increase them. Ibuprofen increases bleeding risk
and should be avoided. Bruising should be reported, but the medication should not be stopped abruptly
without provider guidance.
Question 3
A nurse is planning care for a client who has a new diagnosis of diabetes insipidus. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse include?
A. Restrict fluid intake to 1 liter per day.
B. Administer desmopressin as prescribed.
C. Encourage a high-sodium diet.
D. Monitor for signs of fluid overload hourly.
🟢 Correct Answer:
B. Administer desmopressin as prescribed.
🔴 RATIONALE:
Diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, leading to excessive dilute urine output.
,Desmopressin is a synthetic ADH analog that reduces urine output and manages fluid balance. Fluid restriction
is dangerous due to hypovolemia risk. Sodium restriction, not increase, is indicated. Monitoring for fluid
overload is more relevant after treatment begins.
Question 4
A nurse is assessing a client who has a possible pulmonary embolism. Which of the following findings is most
consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Bradycardia
B. Sudden onset of dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain
C. Gradual onset of productive cough
D. Bilateral lower extremity edema
🟢 Correct Answer:
B. Sudden onset of dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain
🔴 RATIONALE:
Pulmonary embolism classically presents with sudden dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, tachypnea, and tachycardia
due to obstruction of pulmonary blood flow. Bradycardia, productive cough, and bilateral edema are less
specific or associated with other conditions.
Question 5
A nurse is caring for a client following a thyroidectomy. Which of the following findings requires immediate
, intervention?
A. Hoarseness of voice
B. Pain at the incision site
C. Numbness around the mouth and muscle twitching
D. Serosanguineous drainage on the dressing
🟢 Correct Answer:
C. Numbness around the mouth and muscle twitching
🔴 RATIONALE:
Numbness around the mouth and muscle twitching are signs of hypocalcemia, which can occur if the
parathyroid glands are inadvertently removed or damaged during thyroidectomy. This can progress to tetany
and laryngospasm. Hoarseness and incisional pain are expected; serosanguineous drainage is common in the
immediate postoperative period.
Question 6
A nurse is teaching a client with chronic kidney disease about dietary restrictions. Which of the following food
selections indicates that the teaching has been effective?
A. A baked potato with cheese
B. A turkey sandwich on white bread
C. A banana and orange slices
D. Tomato soup with crackers
SOLUTIONS | UPDATED PER LATEST GUIDELINES | GRADED A+...
Question 1
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has been taking furosemide for heart failure. Which
of the following findings should the nurse identify as a priority?
A. Sodium 138 mEq/L
B. Potassium 3.0 mEq/L
C. Calcium 9.2 mg/dL
D. Magnesium 2.1 mEq/L
🟢 Correct Answer:
B. Potassium 3.0 mEq/L
🔴 RATIONALE:
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that promotes potassium excretion. A potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L indicates
hypokalemia, which increases the risk for life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias. This finding requires immediate
intervention. The sodium, calcium, and magnesium levels are within normal limits.
Question 2
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the
following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. "I will use a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean my teeth."
B. "I will increase my intake of leafy green vegetables."
,C. "I will take ibuprofen for headaches."
D. "I will stop the medication if I notice bruising."
🟢 Correct Answer:
A. "I will use a soft-bristled toothbrush to clean my teeth."
🔴 RATIONALE:
Warfarin increases bleeding risk. Using a soft-bristled toothbrush minimizes gum trauma and bleeding. Clients
should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods, not increase them. Ibuprofen increases bleeding risk
and should be avoided. Bruising should be reported, but the medication should not be stopped abruptly
without provider guidance.
Question 3
A nurse is planning care for a client who has a new diagnosis of diabetes insipidus. Which of the following
interventions should the nurse include?
A. Restrict fluid intake to 1 liter per day.
B. Administer desmopressin as prescribed.
C. Encourage a high-sodium diet.
D. Monitor for signs of fluid overload hourly.
🟢 Correct Answer:
B. Administer desmopressin as prescribed.
🔴 RATIONALE:
Diabetes insipidus results from a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone, leading to excessive dilute urine output.
,Desmopressin is a synthetic ADH analog that reduces urine output and manages fluid balance. Fluid restriction
is dangerous due to hypovolemia risk. Sodium restriction, not increase, is indicated. Monitoring for fluid
overload is more relevant after treatment begins.
Question 4
A nurse is assessing a client who has a possible pulmonary embolism. Which of the following findings is most
consistent with this diagnosis?
A. Bradycardia
B. Sudden onset of dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain
C. Gradual onset of productive cough
D. Bilateral lower extremity edema
🟢 Correct Answer:
B. Sudden onset of dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain
🔴 RATIONALE:
Pulmonary embolism classically presents with sudden dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, tachypnea, and tachycardia
due to obstruction of pulmonary blood flow. Bradycardia, productive cough, and bilateral edema are less
specific or associated with other conditions.
Question 5
A nurse is caring for a client following a thyroidectomy. Which of the following findings requires immediate
, intervention?
A. Hoarseness of voice
B. Pain at the incision site
C. Numbness around the mouth and muscle twitching
D. Serosanguineous drainage on the dressing
🟢 Correct Answer:
C. Numbness around the mouth and muscle twitching
🔴 RATIONALE:
Numbness around the mouth and muscle twitching are signs of hypocalcemia, which can occur if the
parathyroid glands are inadvertently removed or damaged during thyroidectomy. This can progress to tetany
and laryngospasm. Hoarseness and incisional pain are expected; serosanguineous drainage is common in the
immediate postoperative period.
Question 6
A nurse is teaching a client with chronic kidney disease about dietary restrictions. Which of the following food
selections indicates that the teaching has been effective?
A. A baked potato with cheese
B. A turkey sandwich on white bread
C. A banana and orange slices
D. Tomato soup with crackers
