HESI FUNDAMENTALS PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+. 100% VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS | UPDATED PER LATEST GUIDELINES | GRADED A+
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female patient. Which action is essential to
maintain asepsis during the procedure?
A. Placing the sterile field on the patient's abdomen
B. Using sterile gloves and maintaining a sterile field throughout
C. Cleansing the meatus with the same swab in a back-and-forth motion
D. Lubricating the catheter with petroleum jelly
🟢 Correct Answer:
B. Using sterile gloves and maintaining a sterile field throughout
🔴 RATIONALE:
Urinary catheter insertion is a sterile procedure requiring sterile gloves and strict maintenance of the sterile
field. The sterile field should be placed on a clean, dry surface between the patient's legs, not on the abdomen.
The meatus should be cleansed with a new swab for each stroke, moving from the clitoris toward the anus.
Petroleum jelly is not used; water-soluble lubricant is appropriate.
Question 2
A client who is prescribed a clear liquid diet asks the nurse, "Can I have some milk with my meal?" Which
,response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. "Yes, milk is allowed on a clear liquid diet."
B. "Milk is not allowed on this diet, but you can have apple juice."
C. "You may have milk when you advance to a full liquid diet."
D. "It's best to wait until your doctor changes your diet."
🟢 Correct Answer:
B. "Milk is not allowed on this diet, but you can have apple juice."
🔴 RATIONALE:
A clear liquid diet consists of foods that are liquid at room temperature and transparent, such as apple juice,
broth, gelatin, and popsicles. Milk is opaque and is not permitted on a clear liquid diet; it is allowed on a full
liquid diet. Offering an alternative (apple juice) provides a clear and helpful answer.
Question 3
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a patient who is prescribed a new medication. Which statement by
the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "I will take the medication at the same time every day."
B. "I will stop taking the medication if I start to feel better."
C. "I should notify my healthcare provider about any side effects."
D. "I should not crush the extended-release tablets."
🟢 Correct Answer:
B. "I will stop taking the medication if I start to feel better."
,🔴 RATIONALE:
Patients should be taught to complete the full course of medication as prescribed, even if they feel better.
Stopping a medication prematurely can lead to a relapse of the condition or the development of drug
resistance. The other statements demonstrate an understanding of medication safety and adherence.
Question 4
A nurse is performing a head-to-toe assessment on an older adult client. Which finding is considered a normal
age-related change?
A. Diminished deep tendon reflexes
B. Elevated body temperature
C. Increased skin turgor
D. Decreased lung capacity
🟢 Correct Answer:
D. Decreased lung capacity
🔴 RATIONALE:
Aging causes a gradual decline in respiratory function, including decreased lung capacity and elasticity.
Diminished deep tendon reflexes are not a normal part of aging; they may indicate a neurological issue. Body
temperature does not typically elevate with age. Skin turgor decreases, not increases, due to loss of
subcutaneous fat and moisture.
, Question 5
A patient is scheduled for surgery and is anxious. Which nursing intervention best demonstrates therapeutic
communication?
A. Telling the patient, "Don't worry, everything will be fine."
B. Informing the patient that the surgery is routine and low-risk.
C. Asking the patient, "Tell me what concerns you most about the surgery."
D. Providing the patient with a pamphlet about the surgery and leaving the room.
🟢 Correct Answer:
C. Asking the patient, "Tell me what concerns you most about the surgery."
🔴 RATIONALE:
This open-ended question encourages the patient to express their specific concerns, promoting therapeutic
communication and allowing the nurse to address the patient's individualized anxieties. False reassurance (A, B)
and leaving the room (D) are not therapeutic.
Question 6
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection using the Z-track method. The nurse
understands that this technique is used primarily to:
A. Reduce pain at the injection site
B. Prevent medication leakage into subcutaneous tissue
C. Increase the absorption rate of the medication
D. Minimize the risk of infection
SOLUTIONS | UPDATED PER LATEST GUIDELINES | GRADED A+
Question 1
A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female patient. Which action is essential to
maintain asepsis during the procedure?
A. Placing the sterile field on the patient's abdomen
B. Using sterile gloves and maintaining a sterile field throughout
C. Cleansing the meatus with the same swab in a back-and-forth motion
D. Lubricating the catheter with petroleum jelly
🟢 Correct Answer:
B. Using sterile gloves and maintaining a sterile field throughout
🔴 RATIONALE:
Urinary catheter insertion is a sterile procedure requiring sterile gloves and strict maintenance of the sterile
field. The sterile field should be placed on a clean, dry surface between the patient's legs, not on the abdomen.
The meatus should be cleansed with a new swab for each stroke, moving from the clitoris toward the anus.
Petroleum jelly is not used; water-soluble lubricant is appropriate.
Question 2
A client who is prescribed a clear liquid diet asks the nurse, "Can I have some milk with my meal?" Which
,response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. "Yes, milk is allowed on a clear liquid diet."
B. "Milk is not allowed on this diet, but you can have apple juice."
C. "You may have milk when you advance to a full liquid diet."
D. "It's best to wait until your doctor changes your diet."
🟢 Correct Answer:
B. "Milk is not allowed on this diet, but you can have apple juice."
🔴 RATIONALE:
A clear liquid diet consists of foods that are liquid at room temperature and transparent, such as apple juice,
broth, gelatin, and popsicles. Milk is opaque and is not permitted on a clear liquid diet; it is allowed on a full
liquid diet. Offering an alternative (apple juice) provides a clear and helpful answer.
Question 3
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a patient who is prescribed a new medication. Which statement by
the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "I will take the medication at the same time every day."
B. "I will stop taking the medication if I start to feel better."
C. "I should notify my healthcare provider about any side effects."
D. "I should not crush the extended-release tablets."
🟢 Correct Answer:
B. "I will stop taking the medication if I start to feel better."
,🔴 RATIONALE:
Patients should be taught to complete the full course of medication as prescribed, even if they feel better.
Stopping a medication prematurely can lead to a relapse of the condition or the development of drug
resistance. The other statements demonstrate an understanding of medication safety and adherence.
Question 4
A nurse is performing a head-to-toe assessment on an older adult client. Which finding is considered a normal
age-related change?
A. Diminished deep tendon reflexes
B. Elevated body temperature
C. Increased skin turgor
D. Decreased lung capacity
🟢 Correct Answer:
D. Decreased lung capacity
🔴 RATIONALE:
Aging causes a gradual decline in respiratory function, including decreased lung capacity and elasticity.
Diminished deep tendon reflexes are not a normal part of aging; they may indicate a neurological issue. Body
temperature does not typically elevate with age. Skin turgor decreases, not increases, due to loss of
subcutaneous fat and moisture.
, Question 5
A patient is scheduled for surgery and is anxious. Which nursing intervention best demonstrates therapeutic
communication?
A. Telling the patient, "Don't worry, everything will be fine."
B. Informing the patient that the surgery is routine and low-risk.
C. Asking the patient, "Tell me what concerns you most about the surgery."
D. Providing the patient with a pamphlet about the surgery and leaving the room.
🟢 Correct Answer:
C. Asking the patient, "Tell me what concerns you most about the surgery."
🔴 RATIONALE:
This open-ended question encourages the patient to express their specific concerns, promoting therapeutic
communication and allowing the nurse to address the patient's individualized anxieties. False reassurance (A, B)
and leaving the room (D) are not therapeutic.
Question 6
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection using the Z-track method. The nurse
understands that this technique is used primarily to:
A. Reduce pain at the injection site
B. Prevent medication leakage into subcutaneous tissue
C. Increase the absorption rate of the medication
D. Minimize the risk of infection
