,BIOL331/BIOL 331 Pathophysiology Module 2
Exam | Portage Learning |Q&A | 26/27 Edition
1. Which term describes the process characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth and
differentiation, deviating from normal regulatory mechanisms?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Neoplasia
D) Dysplasia
Correct Answer: Neoplasia
Rationale: Neoplasia is the process of abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth that deviates from normal
regulatory mechanisms. Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number, metaplasia is the replacement of one
cell type with another, and dysplasia is abnormal cell growth but not necessarily a new growth.
2. What is the term for the actual resultant mass or lesion of abnormal proliferation, commonly referred
to as a "new growth" or tumor?
A) Neoplasm
B) Cyst
C) Polyp
D) Nodule
Correct Answer: Neoplasm
Rationale: A neoplasm is the mass or lesion resulting from neoplasia, commonly called a "new growth"
or tumor. A cyst is a fluid-filled sac, a polyp is a growth projecting from a mucous membrane, and a
nodule is a small lump.
3. What is the process of cell division leading to an increase in cell number called?
A) Differentiation
,B) Proliferation
C) Apoptosis
D) Necrosis
Correct Answer: Proliferation
Rationale: Proliferation is the process of cell division that increases cell number, essential for tissue
growth and repair. Differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized, apoptosis is
programmed cell death, and necrosis is unprogrammed cell death.
4. Which term refers to the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and
function?
A) Proliferation
B) Metaplasia
C) Differentiation
D) Hyperplasia
Correct Answer: Differentiation
Rationale: Differentiation is the process by which cells acquire specialized structures and functions
through changes in gene expression. Proliferation increases cell number, metaplasia replaces one cell
type with another, and hyperplasia increases cell number.
5. What is the most important procedure in diagnosing the correct cancer and its histology?
A) Blood test
B) Imaging study
C) Tissue biopsy
D) Physical examination
Correct Answer: Tissue biopsy
, Rationale: A tissue biopsy is essential for histologic and cytologic assessment, confirming malignancy and
identifying the specific histologic subtype. Blood tests and imaging studies can suggest cancer but
cannot provide a definitive diagnosis. Physical examination is not definitive.
6. Which of the following is a benign tumor?
A) Carcinoma
B) Sarcoma
C) Lipoma
D) Leukemia
Correct Answer: Lipoma
Rationale: A lipoma is a benign tumor of fat cells. Carcinomas and sarcomas are malignant tumors, and
leukemia is a malignant cancer of blood-forming tissues. Benign tumors are non-invasive and localized.
7. Which of the following is a malignant tumor?
A) Adenoma
B) Lipoma
C) Carcinoma
D) Fibroma
Correct Answer: Carcinoma
Rationale: Carcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from epithelial tissue. Adenomas, lipomas, and
fibromas are typically benign tumors. Malignant tumors are characterized by invasion and metastasis.
8. What is the ability of cancer cells to spread to distant sites called?
A) Proliferation
B) Invasion
Exam | Portage Learning |Q&A | 26/27 Edition
1. Which term describes the process characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth and
differentiation, deviating from normal regulatory mechanisms?
A) Hyperplasia
B) Metaplasia
C) Neoplasia
D) Dysplasia
Correct Answer: Neoplasia
Rationale: Neoplasia is the process of abnormal and uncontrolled cell growth that deviates from normal
regulatory mechanisms. Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number, metaplasia is the replacement of one
cell type with another, and dysplasia is abnormal cell growth but not necessarily a new growth.
2. What is the term for the actual resultant mass or lesion of abnormal proliferation, commonly referred
to as a "new growth" or tumor?
A) Neoplasm
B) Cyst
C) Polyp
D) Nodule
Correct Answer: Neoplasm
Rationale: A neoplasm is the mass or lesion resulting from neoplasia, commonly called a "new growth"
or tumor. A cyst is a fluid-filled sac, a polyp is a growth projecting from a mucous membrane, and a
nodule is a small lump.
3. What is the process of cell division leading to an increase in cell number called?
A) Differentiation
,B) Proliferation
C) Apoptosis
D) Necrosis
Correct Answer: Proliferation
Rationale: Proliferation is the process of cell division that increases cell number, essential for tissue
growth and repair. Differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized, apoptosis is
programmed cell death, and necrosis is unprogrammed cell death.
4. Which term refers to the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and
function?
A) Proliferation
B) Metaplasia
C) Differentiation
D) Hyperplasia
Correct Answer: Differentiation
Rationale: Differentiation is the process by which cells acquire specialized structures and functions
through changes in gene expression. Proliferation increases cell number, metaplasia replaces one cell
type with another, and hyperplasia increases cell number.
5. What is the most important procedure in diagnosing the correct cancer and its histology?
A) Blood test
B) Imaging study
C) Tissue biopsy
D) Physical examination
Correct Answer: Tissue biopsy
, Rationale: A tissue biopsy is essential for histologic and cytologic assessment, confirming malignancy and
identifying the specific histologic subtype. Blood tests and imaging studies can suggest cancer but
cannot provide a definitive diagnosis. Physical examination is not definitive.
6. Which of the following is a benign tumor?
A) Carcinoma
B) Sarcoma
C) Lipoma
D) Leukemia
Correct Answer: Lipoma
Rationale: A lipoma is a benign tumor of fat cells. Carcinomas and sarcomas are malignant tumors, and
leukemia is a malignant cancer of blood-forming tissues. Benign tumors are non-invasive and localized.
7. Which of the following is a malignant tumor?
A) Adenoma
B) Lipoma
C) Carcinoma
D) Fibroma
Correct Answer: Carcinoma
Rationale: Carcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from epithelial tissue. Adenomas, lipomas, and
fibromas are typically benign tumors. Malignant tumors are characterized by invasion and metastasis.
8. What is the ability of cancer cells to spread to distant sites called?
A) Proliferation
B) Invasion
