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The Cardiovascular System – Cardiology 2026 Comprehensive Lecture Notes and Study Guide

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This document covers the cardiovascular system and core cardiology concepts, including cardiac anatomy and physiology, circulation, cardiac conduction, blood vessels, hemodynamics, and major cardiovascular conditions. It is structured as study material for understanding cardiovascular function, disease processes, diagnostic concepts, and clinical cardiology terminology. Some previously uploaded files have expired and would need to be uploaded again if you want them analyzed.

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1) which statement is not true about a heart valve? a)
the common root is valvul/o.
B) the heart has four valves.
C) the purpose of heart valves is to prevent blood from flowing backward.
D) all of these are true.

2) which statement is true about the root sept/o?
A) it stands for "septum," comes from a combination of terms that means "little stomach,"
and refers to the lower portion of each side of the heart.
B) it stands for "septum," comes from a latin word meaning "partition or dividing structure,"
and can refer to any wall dividing two cavities.
C) it stands for "septum," comes from a roman architectural term referring to the large open
area in most roman houses and refers to the upper portion of each side of the heart.
D) it stands for "septum," comes from the root meaning "jar" or "pitcher" in latin and refers
to the intersection of the blood vessels and the heart. e) none of these.

3) which root literally means "crown," and refers to the way the blood vessels that supply the
heart descend and support the heart like a crown?
A) angi/o
B) arteri/o
C) cardi/o
D) coron/o
E) phleb/o

4) which is not a root used to refer to vessels?
A) angi/o
B) arteri/o
C) vas/o
D) vascul/o
E) all of these refer to vessels.

5) translate the root phleb/o.
A) artery
B) fatty plaque
C) valve
D) vein
E) vessel
6) translate the root ather/o.
A) artery
B) atrium

,C) clot
D) fatty plaque
E) vessel

7) identify and define the root in the medical term venospasm.
A) veno vessel
B) veno vein
C) spasm dilation
D) spasm involuntary contraction

8) identify and define the root in the medical term aortolith.
A) aorto aorta
B) aorto artery
C) lith hardening
D) lith stone

9) identify and define the root in the medical term arteriosclerosis.
A) ar before
B) arterio artery
C) scler hard
D) osis condition
E) is condition

10) what is the correct pronunciation of the medical term venogram?
A) vai-noh-gram
B) vai-nuh-gram
C) vee-noh-gram
D) vuh-nuh-gram

11) what is the correct pronunciation of the medical term phlebology?
A) fleb-aw-loh-jee
B) fleb-oh-luh-jee
C) pleb-aw-loh-gee
D) puh-leb-oh-luh-gee

12) oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart is called: a)
angina pectoris.
B) diaphoresis.
C) hemorrhage.
D) hypotension.
E) palpitation.
13) which of the following terms does not refer to an irregular heartbeat?
A) angina pectoris

, B) arrhythmia
C) dysrhythmia
D) palpitation
E) all of these refer to an irregular heartbeat.

14) identify the correct definition for diaphoresis.
A) loss of blood
B) oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart
C) pain in a vein
D) profuse sweating
E) rapid or irregular beating of the heart

15) translate the term phlebalgia as literally as possible.
A) chest pain
B) heart pain
C) vein pain
D) ventricle pain
E) vessel pain

16) which is the correct breakdown of the medical term pectoralgia into its component parts? a)
pector/algia
B) pec/tor/algia
C) pec/tor/alg/ia
D) pec/to/ralgi/a
E) pec/tor/al/gi/a

17) which is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term aortalgia?
A) aort (aorta) + algia (condition) = condition in the aorta
B) aort (aorta) + algia (dilation) = dilation of the aorta
C) aort (aorta) + algia (disease) = disease in the aorta
D) aort (aorta) + algia (inflammation) = inflammation of the aorta e) aort (aorta) + algia (pain)
= pain in the aorta

18) which medical term means a loss of blood?
A) hemoglobin
B) hemolysis
C) hemophilia
D) hemorrhage
E) hemostatic

Connected book
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Britannica Educational Publishing The Cardiovascular System
Publisher: 2010 ISBN: 9781615302512 Edition: Unknown

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