NR 507 MIDTERM COMPREHENSIVE TEST
BANK PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
RATIONALES
●● How much time is allotted for the NR507 midterm exam?
Answer: 120 minutes.
●● When is the NR507 midterm exam available?
Answer: Starting Wednesday Week 4 at 12:01 am MT until Friday Week
8 at 11:59 pm MT.
●● What are the content areas covered in the NR507 midterm exam?
Answer: 1. Immunological Pathologies (Week 1) 2. Hematological and
Cardiovascular Pathologies (Week 2) 3. Pulmonary Pathologies (Week
3) 4. Urinary System Pathologies (Week 4).
●● What are the four types of hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: 1. Type 1: Allergic/Anaphylactic/Atopic 2. Type 2: Cytotoxic 3.
Type 3: Immune Complex 4. Type 4: Delayed.
●● What characterizes Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?
,Answer: Rapid release of proinflammatory mediators like histamine,
leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and cytokines in response to allergic
exposure.
●● What are the physiological manifestations of Type 1 hypersensitivity
reactions?
Answer: Vasodilation, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, and mucus
production.
●● What is the prototype disease for Type 1 hypersensitivity?
Answer: Anaphylaxis, Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, Food Allergies.
●● What are the signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis?
Answer: Rapid onset; difficulty breathing, hypotension, hives, wheezing,
angioedema, and possibly shock.
●● What are the treatment options for Anaphylaxis?
Answer: Epinephrine (IM), airway management, oxygen and IV fluids,
antihistamines, corticosteroids.
●● What is the mechanism behind Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: IgG or IgM antibodies target antigens on cells, leading to cell
destruction via complement activation or phagocytosis.
,●● What is an example of a Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction?
Answer: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and hemolytic
transfusion reactions.
●● What are the primary effector cells in Type 2 hypersensitivity
reactions?
Answer: Macrophages.
●● What are the signs and symptoms of Type 2 hypersensitivity
reactions?
Answer: Fatigue, pallor, jaundice, tachycardia, shortness of breath,
elevated bilirubin, low hemoglobin and hematocrit.
●● What is the first-line treatment for Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Corticosteroids (prednisone).
●● What is the prototype disease for Type 2 hypersensitivity?
Answer: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Grave's Disease.
●● What is the pathophysiology of Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Immune complex-mediated reactions.
●● What is the role of mast cells in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?
, Answer: They are the primary effector cells responsible for initiating and
mediating the reactions.
●● What are common treatments for Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma?
Answer: Antihistamines (loratadine, cetirizine), inhaled corticosteroids
(fluticasone), leukotriene modifiers.
●● What is the significance of IgE in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
Answer: It mediates the activation of mast cells and basophils, leading to
the release of histamine and other mediators.
●● What are the common symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis?
Answer: Sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy eyes, and throat.
●● What characterizes Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of
immune complexes that can deposit in tissues, leading to complement
activation, inflammation, and tissue destruction.
●● What is the mechanism of Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Immune complexes (antigen-antibody) deposit in tissues,
resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.
BANK PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
RATIONALES
●● How much time is allotted for the NR507 midterm exam?
Answer: 120 minutes.
●● When is the NR507 midterm exam available?
Answer: Starting Wednesday Week 4 at 12:01 am MT until Friday Week
8 at 11:59 pm MT.
●● What are the content areas covered in the NR507 midterm exam?
Answer: 1. Immunological Pathologies (Week 1) 2. Hematological and
Cardiovascular Pathologies (Week 2) 3. Pulmonary Pathologies (Week
3) 4. Urinary System Pathologies (Week 4).
●● What are the four types of hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: 1. Type 1: Allergic/Anaphylactic/Atopic 2. Type 2: Cytotoxic 3.
Type 3: Immune Complex 4. Type 4: Delayed.
●● What characterizes Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?
,Answer: Rapid release of proinflammatory mediators like histamine,
leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and cytokines in response to allergic
exposure.
●● What are the physiological manifestations of Type 1 hypersensitivity
reactions?
Answer: Vasodilation, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, and mucus
production.
●● What is the prototype disease for Type 1 hypersensitivity?
Answer: Anaphylaxis, Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, Food Allergies.
●● What are the signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis?
Answer: Rapid onset; difficulty breathing, hypotension, hives, wheezing,
angioedema, and possibly shock.
●● What are the treatment options for Anaphylaxis?
Answer: Epinephrine (IM), airway management, oxygen and IV fluids,
antihistamines, corticosteroids.
●● What is the mechanism behind Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: IgG or IgM antibodies target antigens on cells, leading to cell
destruction via complement activation or phagocytosis.
,●● What is an example of a Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction?
Answer: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and hemolytic
transfusion reactions.
●● What are the primary effector cells in Type 2 hypersensitivity
reactions?
Answer: Macrophages.
●● What are the signs and symptoms of Type 2 hypersensitivity
reactions?
Answer: Fatigue, pallor, jaundice, tachycardia, shortness of breath,
elevated bilirubin, low hemoglobin and hematocrit.
●● What is the first-line treatment for Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Corticosteroids (prednisone).
●● What is the prototype disease for Type 2 hypersensitivity?
Answer: Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, Grave's Disease.
●● What is the pathophysiology of Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Immune complex-mediated reactions.
●● What is the role of mast cells in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?
, Answer: They are the primary effector cells responsible for initiating and
mediating the reactions.
●● What are common treatments for Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma?
Answer: Antihistamines (loratadine, cetirizine), inhaled corticosteroids
(fluticasone), leukotriene modifiers.
●● What is the significance of IgE in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
Answer: It mediates the activation of mast cells and basophils, leading to
the release of histamine and other mediators.
●● What are the common symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis?
Answer: Sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy eyes, and throat.
●● What characterizes Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of
immune complexes that can deposit in tissues, leading to complement
activation, inflammation, and tissue destruction.
●● What is the mechanism of Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
Answer: Immune complexes (antigen-antibody) deposit in tissues,
resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.
