UNT BIOL 1720 Exam 1
What are the only animals to lack symmetry? Sponges
What are the 2 types of symmetry? radial and bilateral
What is radial symmetry? symmetry around a central axis
(can be any halves on a 2-D plane) think of how you cut a pizza, an example can
be a sea anemone.
What is bilateral symmetry? Right and left halves that are mirror images
How do small unicellular organisms take in nutrients? diffusion
Why is cell size constrained? Surface-to-volume ratio.
As the cell gets larger, this ratio decreases (not good). This is why larger
organisms are multicellular.
parazoa? (Sponges - the simplest animals) lack definedtissues and organs
eumetazoans All animals with well defined tissues
What are anabolic reactions? Reactions that use energy, nutrients are used to fuel this process in animal
bodies
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) Average amount of energy used by an organism at rest.
What is energy given off as? Heat
What has a higher BMR rate? Smaller or larger animals? Smaller animals, compensates for heat lost from small surface area
Why?
What has a higher BMR rate? More active or less active More active
animals?
, UNT BIOL 1720 Exam 1
sagittal plane (Bilateral) divides the body into right and left
midsagittal plane (Bilateral) divides the body into EQUAL right and left (think of "mid" as exactly in
the middle)
frontal plane (Bilateral) divides the body into front and back portions (vertical on bipedal
animal, horizontal on a quadruped)
transverse plane (bilateral) divides the animal into upper and lower body portions. (horizontal on
bipedal animal, vertical on a quadruped)
What if a transverse plane is slanted? it is an oblique plane
What are the 4 types of animal tissues? epithelial, connective, muscle, neurons
Epithelial tissue lines cavities, open spaces, and surfaces. Rest upon a base. heal well, named
based on shape. (ex. small intestine, vaginal wall)
What does simple mean? 1 layer of cells
What does stratified mean? Multiple layers of cells
What are the 3 types of epithelial tissue? (simple/stratified) Squamos, (simple) cuboidal, (simple/pseudostratified)
Columnar
Connective Tissue Cells (fibroblasts) embedded in a matrix (made of a ground substance),
USUALLY connect tissues or give body structure. Replaced by scar tissue
What are the 6 types of connective tissue? Loose/areolar, dense fibrous, cartillage, bone, adipose, blood
What are the only animals to lack symmetry? Sponges
What are the 2 types of symmetry? radial and bilateral
What is radial symmetry? symmetry around a central axis
(can be any halves on a 2-D plane) think of how you cut a pizza, an example can
be a sea anemone.
What is bilateral symmetry? Right and left halves that are mirror images
How do small unicellular organisms take in nutrients? diffusion
Why is cell size constrained? Surface-to-volume ratio.
As the cell gets larger, this ratio decreases (not good). This is why larger
organisms are multicellular.
parazoa? (Sponges - the simplest animals) lack definedtissues and organs
eumetazoans All animals with well defined tissues
What are anabolic reactions? Reactions that use energy, nutrients are used to fuel this process in animal
bodies
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) Average amount of energy used by an organism at rest.
What is energy given off as? Heat
What has a higher BMR rate? Smaller or larger animals? Smaller animals, compensates for heat lost from small surface area
Why?
What has a higher BMR rate? More active or less active More active
animals?
, UNT BIOL 1720 Exam 1
sagittal plane (Bilateral) divides the body into right and left
midsagittal plane (Bilateral) divides the body into EQUAL right and left (think of "mid" as exactly in
the middle)
frontal plane (Bilateral) divides the body into front and back portions (vertical on bipedal
animal, horizontal on a quadruped)
transverse plane (bilateral) divides the animal into upper and lower body portions. (horizontal on
bipedal animal, vertical on a quadruped)
What if a transverse plane is slanted? it is an oblique plane
What are the 4 types of animal tissues? epithelial, connective, muscle, neurons
Epithelial tissue lines cavities, open spaces, and surfaces. Rest upon a base. heal well, named
based on shape. (ex. small intestine, vaginal wall)
What does simple mean? 1 layer of cells
What does stratified mean? Multiple layers of cells
What are the 3 types of epithelial tissue? (simple/stratified) Squamos, (simple) cuboidal, (simple/pseudostratified)
Columnar
Connective Tissue Cells (fibroblasts) embedded in a matrix (made of a ground substance),
USUALLY connect tissues or give body structure. Replaced by scar tissue
What are the 6 types of connective tissue? Loose/areolar, dense fibrous, cartillage, bone, adipose, blood
