Question 1
1. If a tooth is ankylosed, which of the following types of resorption are most likely to have
occurred?
A. Cervical resorption
B. Replacement resorption
C. Inflammatory root resorption
D. Internal resorption
CORRECT ANSWER
B. Replacement resorption
* Ankylosis of a tooth refers to the fusion of two mineralized surfaces together, usually
cementum and alveolar bone. Replacement resorption refers to the phenomenon where
osteoclasts mistake dental tissue for bone leading to the eventual fusion of the two. This
happens most commonly during luxation injuries.
Question 2
2. Early childhood caries primarily affects which teeth?
A. Primary maxillary incisors and molars
B. Primary maxillary canines and molars
C. Primary maxillary and mandibular incisors
D. Permanent maxillary incisors and canines E. Permanent mandibular incisors and molars
ECC occurs in patients typically ages 3 to 5. It is defined as having one or more cavitated,
missing (owed to caries), or filled smooth surface in any primary tooth. The most common
presentation involves the primary maxillary incisors and primary molars, so the correct
answer is A.
1
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,CORRECT ANSWER
A. Primary maxillary incisors and molars
* ECC occurs in patients typically ages 3 to 5. It is defined as having one or more cavitated,
missing (owed to caries), or filled smooth surface in any primary tooth. The most common
presentation involves the primary maxillary incisors and primary molars, so the correct
answer is A.
Question 3
3. What muscle contracts in such a way that it shapes the distobuccal aspect of a
mandibular denture during border molding?
A. Temporalis
B. Masseter
C. Medial pterygoid
D. Lateral pterygoid E. Genioglossus
CORRECT ANSWER
B. Masseter
* The masseter muscle originates from the zygomatic arch and inserts into the mandible.
This muscle contracts when the mouth closes against resistance, like if you were to try to
hold your mouth open with your hand while trying to close your mouth with your jaw
muscles. During border molding, the masseter muscle will shape the distobuccal corner of
the impression and it is thus called the masseteric notch. The answer is B.
Question 4
4. Which of the following ions of tooth structure does the fluoride ion replace during the
remineralization process?
A. Calcium (Ca)
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,B. Phosphate (PO4)
C. Hydroxyl (OH)
D. Sodium (Na)
CORRECT ANSWER
C. Hydroxyl (OH)
* First off, all of these are ions found in tooth enamel! Calcium and Sodium are positively
charged so it makes sense that a Fluoride ion with a charge of -1 would not be replacing
either of these. It turns out that the Phosphate ion with charge of -3 is not replaced, and
instead the Hydroxyl ion with charge of -1 is routinely replaced when enamel is
remineralized and converted from hydroxyapatite to fluorapatite, hence the name change.
The answer is C.
Question 5
5. Which of the following is a common short-term side effect of nitrous oxide as used in a
dental setting?
A. Hives
B. Seizure
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Rapid heart rate
CORRECT ANSWER
C. Nausea and vomiting
* This question may seem a bit tricky at first, but this one is a classic example of applying the
high yield facts. If we picked this question apart, every answer choice could potentially relate
to nitrous oxide. Hives could be a result of an allergic reaction. Seizure and rapid heart rate
could be due to an overdose. But nausea and vomiting is the classic short-term side effect
that should always be divulged to patients before administering nitrous oxide sedation. The
answer is C.
3
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, Question 6
6. Which of the following dental indexes is not reversible?
A. Periodontal score
B. Gingival score
C. DMFT
D. OHI-S
CORRECT ANSWER
C. DMFT
* These dental indexes are used in both clinical practice and research literature. OHI-S is
simplified oral hygiene index and measures the amount of gross debris and calculus which
can be 'reversed' if a patient improves their oral hygiene. Gingival score (GI) designates
amount of gingival inflammation which can be reversed. Periodontal score (CPITN)
designates probing pocket depth, and while bone loss in periodontal disease is irreversible,
pocket depths can be reversed via reattachment and repair. DMFT stands for decayed,
missing, and filled teeth; and once a tooth becomes decayed, missing, or filled, that
damage/treatment is irreversible. Therefore, the answer is C.
Question 7
7. The initial lesion of syphilis is called a __________.
A. bubo
B. gumma
C. chancre
D. pustule
E. mucous patch
CORRECT ANSWER
C. chancre
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1. If a tooth is ankylosed, which of the following types of resorption are most likely to have
occurred?
A. Cervical resorption
B. Replacement resorption
C. Inflammatory root resorption
D. Internal resorption
CORRECT ANSWER
B. Replacement resorption
* Ankylosis of a tooth refers to the fusion of two mineralized surfaces together, usually
cementum and alveolar bone. Replacement resorption refers to the phenomenon where
osteoclasts mistake dental tissue for bone leading to the eventual fusion of the two. This
happens most commonly during luxation injuries.
Question 2
2. Early childhood caries primarily affects which teeth?
A. Primary maxillary incisors and molars
B. Primary maxillary canines and molars
C. Primary maxillary and mandibular incisors
D. Permanent maxillary incisors and canines E. Permanent mandibular incisors and molars
ECC occurs in patients typically ages 3 to 5. It is defined as having one or more cavitated,
missing (owed to caries), or filled smooth surface in any primary tooth. The most common
presentation involves the primary maxillary incisors and primary molars, so the correct
answer is A.
1
@https://www.stuvia.com/user/thestudyvault
,CORRECT ANSWER
A. Primary maxillary incisors and molars
* ECC occurs in patients typically ages 3 to 5. It is defined as having one or more cavitated,
missing (owed to caries), or filled smooth surface in any primary tooth. The most common
presentation involves the primary maxillary incisors and primary molars, so the correct
answer is A.
Question 3
3. What muscle contracts in such a way that it shapes the distobuccal aspect of a
mandibular denture during border molding?
A. Temporalis
B. Masseter
C. Medial pterygoid
D. Lateral pterygoid E. Genioglossus
CORRECT ANSWER
B. Masseter
* The masseter muscle originates from the zygomatic arch and inserts into the mandible.
This muscle contracts when the mouth closes against resistance, like if you were to try to
hold your mouth open with your hand while trying to close your mouth with your jaw
muscles. During border molding, the masseter muscle will shape the distobuccal corner of
the impression and it is thus called the masseteric notch. The answer is B.
Question 4
4. Which of the following ions of tooth structure does the fluoride ion replace during the
remineralization process?
A. Calcium (Ca)
2
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,B. Phosphate (PO4)
C. Hydroxyl (OH)
D. Sodium (Na)
CORRECT ANSWER
C. Hydroxyl (OH)
* First off, all of these are ions found in tooth enamel! Calcium and Sodium are positively
charged so it makes sense that a Fluoride ion with a charge of -1 would not be replacing
either of these. It turns out that the Phosphate ion with charge of -3 is not replaced, and
instead the Hydroxyl ion with charge of -1 is routinely replaced when enamel is
remineralized and converted from hydroxyapatite to fluorapatite, hence the name change.
The answer is C.
Question 5
5. Which of the following is a common short-term side effect of nitrous oxide as used in a
dental setting?
A. Hives
B. Seizure
C. Nausea and vomiting
D. Rapid heart rate
CORRECT ANSWER
C. Nausea and vomiting
* This question may seem a bit tricky at first, but this one is a classic example of applying the
high yield facts. If we picked this question apart, every answer choice could potentially relate
to nitrous oxide. Hives could be a result of an allergic reaction. Seizure and rapid heart rate
could be due to an overdose. But nausea and vomiting is the classic short-term side effect
that should always be divulged to patients before administering nitrous oxide sedation. The
answer is C.
3
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, Question 6
6. Which of the following dental indexes is not reversible?
A. Periodontal score
B. Gingival score
C. DMFT
D. OHI-S
CORRECT ANSWER
C. DMFT
* These dental indexes are used in both clinical practice and research literature. OHI-S is
simplified oral hygiene index and measures the amount of gross debris and calculus which
can be 'reversed' if a patient improves their oral hygiene. Gingival score (GI) designates
amount of gingival inflammation which can be reversed. Periodontal score (CPITN)
designates probing pocket depth, and while bone loss in periodontal disease is irreversible,
pocket depths can be reversed via reattachment and repair. DMFT stands for decayed,
missing, and filled teeth; and once a tooth becomes decayed, missing, or filled, that
damage/treatment is irreversible. Therefore, the answer is C.
Question 7
7. The initial lesion of syphilis is called a __________.
A. bubo
B. gumma
C. chancre
D. pustule
E. mucous patch
CORRECT ANSWER
C. chancre
4
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