GCSE AQA Biology Paper 2 Higher Tier
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_boiopc
1. What is homeosta- The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism in response to
sis? internal and external changes.
2. Why is homeostasis It keeps conditions constant for optimal enzyme action and cell functions.
important?
3. What does home- - blood glucose concentration - body temperature - water and ion levels
ostasis include the
control of?
4. What may the au- - electrical responses using the nervous system - chemical responses using
tomatic control sys- hormones
tems involve?
5. What do control sys- - receptors (specialised cells which detect stimuli - changes in the environ-
tems include? ment)
- coordination centres (e.g. brain, spinal chord, pancreas which receive and
process information from receptors)
- effectors (muscles or glands that carry out the responses that restore
optimum levels
6. What is a negative Control centre in the brain compares the stimulus to a set point e.g. blood
feedback system for sugar level.
blood sugar levels? Receptors detect glucose level increase, the effector (pancreas) releases
insulin, glucose removed from the blood and stored as glycogen in the liver.
Receptors detect glucose level increase, the effector (pancreas) releases
glucagon, stored glycogen in the liver broken down into glucose and re-
leased into the blood
7. What is the en- Made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
docrine system? Hormones are specific to receptors that identify the cells in the organ, the
organ then produces an effect
1/8
, GCSE AQA Biology Paper 2 Higher Tier
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_boiopc
8. What are the main - pituitary gland
glands that produce - thyroid gland
hormones in the hu- - adrenal gland
man body? - pancreas
- ovary
- testis
9. What is adrenaline - produced by adrenal gland in times of fear/stress
and what does it do? - increases heart rate, boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain and
muscles
- prepares body for 'fight or flight'
10. What is thyroxine - produced by thyroid gland
and what does it do? - increases metabolic rate
- controls growth and development in young animals
- controlled by negative feedback
11. What is type 1 dia- - caused by the pancreas failing to produce sufficient insulin
betes and how can it - results in uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
be treated? - normally treated by monitoring blood sugar levels and injecting insulin
when they are too high
12. What is type 2 dia- - caused by the body cells losing the ability to respond to insulin
betes and how can it - obesity is a risk factor
be treated? - often treated with controlled diet and regular exercise
- take drugs to control blood sugar levels
13. What is the effect of - in people with type 1 diabetes, the insulin lowers the blood glucose level
injecting insulin on by stimulating the liver to convert it into glycogen
blood glucose levels - in people with type 2 diabetes, there is little effect because the cells do not
in people with type 1 respond to insulin
and type 2 diabetes?
2/8
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_boiopc
1. What is homeosta- The regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism in response to
sis? internal and external changes.
2. Why is homeostasis It keeps conditions constant for optimal enzyme action and cell functions.
important?
3. What does home- - blood glucose concentration - body temperature - water and ion levels
ostasis include the
control of?
4. What may the au- - electrical responses using the nervous system - chemical responses using
tomatic control sys- hormones
tems involve?
5. What do control sys- - receptors (specialised cells which detect stimuli - changes in the environ-
tems include? ment)
- coordination centres (e.g. brain, spinal chord, pancreas which receive and
process information from receptors)
- effectors (muscles or glands that carry out the responses that restore
optimum levels
6. What is a negative Control centre in the brain compares the stimulus to a set point e.g. blood
feedback system for sugar level.
blood sugar levels? Receptors detect glucose level increase, the effector (pancreas) releases
insulin, glucose removed from the blood and stored as glycogen in the liver.
Receptors detect glucose level increase, the effector (pancreas) releases
glucagon, stored glycogen in the liver broken down into glucose and re-
leased into the blood
7. What is the en- Made up of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
docrine system? Hormones are specific to receptors that identify the cells in the organ, the
organ then produces an effect
1/8
, GCSE AQA Biology Paper 2 Higher Tier
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_boiopc
8. What are the main - pituitary gland
glands that produce - thyroid gland
hormones in the hu- - adrenal gland
man body? - pancreas
- ovary
- testis
9. What is adrenaline - produced by adrenal gland in times of fear/stress
and what does it do? - increases heart rate, boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain and
muscles
- prepares body for 'fight or flight'
10. What is thyroxine - produced by thyroid gland
and what does it do? - increases metabolic rate
- controls growth and development in young animals
- controlled by negative feedback
11. What is type 1 dia- - caused by the pancreas failing to produce sufficient insulin
betes and how can it - results in uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
be treated? - normally treated by monitoring blood sugar levels and injecting insulin
when they are too high
12. What is type 2 dia- - caused by the body cells losing the ability to respond to insulin
betes and how can it - obesity is a risk factor
be treated? - often treated with controlled diet and regular exercise
- take drugs to control blood sugar levels
13. What is the effect of - in people with type 1 diabetes, the insulin lowers the blood glucose level
injecting insulin on by stimulating the liver to convert it into glycogen
blood glucose levels - in people with type 2 diabetes, there is little effect because the cells do not
in people with type 1 respond to insulin
and type 2 diabetes?
2/8
