1118 UNIT 5 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
3 Stages of Inflammation correct answer 3 Stages of Inflammation
1) Vascular response: When you cut yourself, there's immediately
vasoconstriction in order to limit the bleeding. Then there's vasodilation caused
by histamine and the kinins which increases the permeability. This allows all of
the cells that are supposed to help heal, get to the spot.
-In mild tissue damage, mostly fluid leaks out. It moves out of the capillaries into
the interstitial space and that's where you get the swelling.
-In moderate to severe tissue damage you will see red blood cells (bleeding).
Sometimes there's both serous and RBCs (serosanguineous) leaking out.
Eventually a fibrous exudate forms and that stops the bleeding and stops the
spread of infection.
3 Stages of Inflammation correct answer 3 Stages of Inflammation
2) Cellular response and phagocytosis. Within an hour of injury, millions of
leukocytes migrate to damaged tissue, and start phagocytizing all the foreign
material. Will start to see pus and tenderness. It's white because it has fibrin in it.
It has dead white blood cells. It has some RBCs, so can be a little pink. Has an
odor, and a color.
-Neutropenic: Not enough WBCs. In these pts, you won't see as much pus.
3 Stages of Inflammation correct answer 3 Stages of Inflammation
3) Healing process/tissue repair: There's a lot of debridement to get rid of the
damaged tissue. There's reconstruction: trying to restore original structure and
function of the damaged tissue.
-Labile cells: Bone marrow, epithelial cells of the skin, mucous membranes, cervix,
GI, and the GU tract. These cells regenerate every day.
-Stable cells: Stop replicating when growth ceases. Capable of regeneration if
there's damage.
,-Permanent or fixed cells: Unable to regenerate. Replaced by scar tissue. Nerve
cells, skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells
5 most common cancers correct answer 5 most common cancers
-Lung: cigarette smoking & radon exposure
-Breast: advanced age, late menopause, nulliparity, older age at 1st live birth,
family hx, radiation exposure, proliferative benign breast disease(nodularity in
breasts), and BRCA1, BRCA2, p53 or PTEN mutations
-Prostate: Advanced age (most men die with prostate cancer), family hx, African-
American, high-fat diet
-Colorectal: Age, family hx, diet high in fat/calories, polyps, familial polyposis, hx
of ovarian, uterine, or breast cancer, and ulcerative colitis
-Pancreatic: Chronic pancreatitis, cigarette smoking, diet, colonization of H. pylori,
and history of diabetes
7 Warning Signs of Cancer correct answer 7 Warning Signs of Cancer
CAUTION
-Change in bowel or bladder habits
-A sore that does not heal
-Unusual bleeding or discharge
-Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
-Obvious change in wart or mole
-Nagging cough or hoarseness
-Unintentional weight loss
,Active Immunity correct answer Active Immunity: Pt is making the antibodies in
response to the antigen
-Activation of body's immune response (antibody or cell-mediated)
-Types of Active Immunity
---Naturally acquired: You were exposed to something, you got sick, then you
made antibodies
---Artifically acquired: Vaccines. Produces memory, but doesn't produce the
disease.
Adjuvant Analgesics correct answer Adjuvant Analgesics
Neuropathic and Musculoskeletal Pain
-Amitriptyline
-Imipramine
-Doxepin
-Clomipramine
-Desipramine
-Nortriptyline
Bone pain - Pamidronate
Visceral pain: Often due to fluid - Octreotide, scopolamine
2nd line treatment of neuropathic pain - Baclofen
, Neuropathic pain refractory to anticonvulsants and opioids - Lidocaine, but it's
short acting, if topical only effective if in good touch with skin and exactly on
painful area.
Postherpetic neuralgia - Capsaicin
Adjuvant Analgesics correct answer Adjuvant Analgesics: In addition to pain
medication. Can give steroids.
Spinal cord compression, malignant & nerve pain
-Prednisone
-Dexamethasone
Dysethetic and paroxysmal lancinating pain: Have to ween off nerve pain meds or
patient can have seizures.
-Gabapentin
-Phenytoin
-Carbamazepine
-Lamotrigine
-Topiramate
-Oxcarbazepine
-Levetiracetam
Administration of Chemotherapeutics correct answer Administration of
Chemotherapeutics
-RN- specialized education
3 Stages of Inflammation correct answer 3 Stages of Inflammation
1) Vascular response: When you cut yourself, there's immediately
vasoconstriction in order to limit the bleeding. Then there's vasodilation caused
by histamine and the kinins which increases the permeability. This allows all of
the cells that are supposed to help heal, get to the spot.
-In mild tissue damage, mostly fluid leaks out. It moves out of the capillaries into
the interstitial space and that's where you get the swelling.
-In moderate to severe tissue damage you will see red blood cells (bleeding).
Sometimes there's both serous and RBCs (serosanguineous) leaking out.
Eventually a fibrous exudate forms and that stops the bleeding and stops the
spread of infection.
3 Stages of Inflammation correct answer 3 Stages of Inflammation
2) Cellular response and phagocytosis. Within an hour of injury, millions of
leukocytes migrate to damaged tissue, and start phagocytizing all the foreign
material. Will start to see pus and tenderness. It's white because it has fibrin in it.
It has dead white blood cells. It has some RBCs, so can be a little pink. Has an
odor, and a color.
-Neutropenic: Not enough WBCs. In these pts, you won't see as much pus.
3 Stages of Inflammation correct answer 3 Stages of Inflammation
3) Healing process/tissue repair: There's a lot of debridement to get rid of the
damaged tissue. There's reconstruction: trying to restore original structure and
function of the damaged tissue.
-Labile cells: Bone marrow, epithelial cells of the skin, mucous membranes, cervix,
GI, and the GU tract. These cells regenerate every day.
-Stable cells: Stop replicating when growth ceases. Capable of regeneration if
there's damage.
,-Permanent or fixed cells: Unable to regenerate. Replaced by scar tissue. Nerve
cells, skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells
5 most common cancers correct answer 5 most common cancers
-Lung: cigarette smoking & radon exposure
-Breast: advanced age, late menopause, nulliparity, older age at 1st live birth,
family hx, radiation exposure, proliferative benign breast disease(nodularity in
breasts), and BRCA1, BRCA2, p53 or PTEN mutations
-Prostate: Advanced age (most men die with prostate cancer), family hx, African-
American, high-fat diet
-Colorectal: Age, family hx, diet high in fat/calories, polyps, familial polyposis, hx
of ovarian, uterine, or breast cancer, and ulcerative colitis
-Pancreatic: Chronic pancreatitis, cigarette smoking, diet, colonization of H. pylori,
and history of diabetes
7 Warning Signs of Cancer correct answer 7 Warning Signs of Cancer
CAUTION
-Change in bowel or bladder habits
-A sore that does not heal
-Unusual bleeding or discharge
-Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
-Obvious change in wart or mole
-Nagging cough or hoarseness
-Unintentional weight loss
,Active Immunity correct answer Active Immunity: Pt is making the antibodies in
response to the antigen
-Activation of body's immune response (antibody or cell-mediated)
-Types of Active Immunity
---Naturally acquired: You were exposed to something, you got sick, then you
made antibodies
---Artifically acquired: Vaccines. Produces memory, but doesn't produce the
disease.
Adjuvant Analgesics correct answer Adjuvant Analgesics
Neuropathic and Musculoskeletal Pain
-Amitriptyline
-Imipramine
-Doxepin
-Clomipramine
-Desipramine
-Nortriptyline
Bone pain - Pamidronate
Visceral pain: Often due to fluid - Octreotide, scopolamine
2nd line treatment of neuropathic pain - Baclofen
, Neuropathic pain refractory to anticonvulsants and opioids - Lidocaine, but it's
short acting, if topical only effective if in good touch with skin and exactly on
painful area.
Postherpetic neuralgia - Capsaicin
Adjuvant Analgesics correct answer Adjuvant Analgesics: In addition to pain
medication. Can give steroids.
Spinal cord compression, malignant & nerve pain
-Prednisone
-Dexamethasone
Dysethetic and paroxysmal lancinating pain: Have to ween off nerve pain meds or
patient can have seizures.
-Gabapentin
-Phenytoin
-Carbamazepine
-Lamotrigine
-Topiramate
-Oxcarbazepine
-Levetiracetam
Administration of Chemotherapeutics correct answer Administration of
Chemotherapeutics
-RN- specialized education
