NBRC TMC
EXAM REVIEW
300+ Review Qs & Ans
Exam Preparation
Main Features:
• Questions, Terms, and Answers
• Extensive collection of Review questions and answers
• Helpful for identifying knowledge gaps
• Covers high-yield concepts
• Supports structured study and final revision
1
,1. An increased HR may indicate?
Decreased Oxygenation
2. what do you recommend to a patient with tobacco use?
Nicotine replacement
3. What is the pack year Formula?
# of packs/day x # of years smoked
4. If the patient is in shock you will care about what?
a urine output less than 40 mL/hr
5. What does a decreased CVP mean and how do you fix it?
Hypovolemia
Give fluids
6. What does an increased CVP mean and how do you fix it?
Hypervolemia
Give diuretics
7. General Malaise is usually due from?
Electrolyte imbalance
8. What is a correct interview technique?
Ask open ended questions, not yes or no questions
Use the KISS method
9. When the patient has peripheral edema, what condition does go along with?
CHF
2
,10. What does diaphoresis mean and why does it happen?
Profuse sweating
1. CHF (heart failure)
2. fever, infection
3. anxiety
4. tuberculosis
11. What are some examples of positive inotropes?
1. Digitalis
2. Digoxin
12. When the patient has kyphoscoliosis, what does it cause the patient to have wrong
with their lungs?
A restrictive pattern
(reduced lung volumes)
13. Normal breathing means the chest moves?
Symmetrical
14. What is the word for normal breathing and what is the normal RR?
Eupnea
12-20
15. When the patient is tachypneic, what do you give the patient?
oxygen
16. What is the normal muscles used in ventilation?
Diaphragm and external intercostals
17. What disease processes have hypertrophy in common?
COPD and increased WOB
18. What condition is atrophy common in?
Paralysis
19. If the patient has a strong cough but no sputum production may need?
Assistance
3
,20. Respiratory distress in infants is indicated by what?
Nasal flaring
21. An increased respiratory rate, increased depth, regular rhythm is what breathing
pattern?
Hyperpnea
22. A gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from 30-
180 seconds, with periods of apnea lasting up to 60 seconds is what breathing
pattern?
Cheyne-Stokes
23. An increased respiratory rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea is what
breathing pattern?
Biot's
24. An increased respiratory rate, increased depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds
labored is what breathing pattern?
Kussmaul's
25. Shallow or slow breathing?
Hypopnea
26. Soft palate, uvula, fauces, pillars visible is what class of the mallampati score?
class 1
27. Soft palate, uvula, fauces visible is what class of the mallampati score?
class 2
28. Soft palate, base of uvula visible is what class of the mallampati score?
class 3
29. Hard palate only visible is what class of the mallampati score?
class 4
30. What are the classes considered difficult in the mallampati score?
class 3 and 4
utilize a bronchoscope or video assist device
4
,31. when giving a treatment what change in HR is considered a adverse reaction?
More than 20 BPM
32. If the patient has an adverse reaction to the treatment what should you do?
Immediately STOP the treatment
33. What does the assessment by inspection mean?
What you can see
34. What does the assessment by palpation mean?
What you can feel?
35. What does Pulsus paradoxus mean and what does it indicate?
pulse or BP vary with the RR
Indicates severe air trapping
36. What do you give to the patient that has tachycardia?
Oxygen
37. What pathologies make the trachea pull toward them?
Atelectasis
Pneumonectomy
Diaphragmatic paralysis
38. What pathologies make the trachea pull away from them?
Pleural effusion
Tension pneumothorax
Neck tumors
Mediastinal mass
39. What does tactile fremitus mean?
vibrations that are felt by the hand on the chest wall
40. Resonant percussion mean?
Normal
41. Flat or dull percussion mean?
Less air (fluid filled)
5
,42. Tympanic / Hyperresonant means?
More Air (air-trapping)
43. What does vesicular mean?
normal breath sounds
44. What does bronchial BS mean?
normal breath sounds heard over the trachea or bronchi
45. What would you do if you heard crackles (rales), or coarse crackles (rhonchi)?
Suction the patient
Crackles, coarse crackles treat with bronchial hygiene
46. What does fine crackles indicate?
CHF or pulmonary edema
recommend oxygen, CPAP, positive inotropes, Lasix, and morphine
47. If auscultate the patient and they have bilateral wheezing it means what and treat
with?
Bronchospasm
Treat with Bronchodilator
48. What does Egophany mean and what does it indicate?
the patient says E but it sounds
like an A
indicate consolidation of the lung, like pneumonia
49. What does unilateral wheezing indicate?
foreign body obstruction
treat with laryngoscopy
50. If the patient has Supraglottic stridor it indicates? and what would you do?
Epiglottic swelling
treat with intubation, emergent trach, or OR
51. If the patient has subglottic swelling it indicates? and what would you do?
Croup or post extubation
treat with Racemic epi
6
,52. What is stertor breathing mean?
Noisy breathing that occurs during inhalation
53. pleural friction rub is? what is the treatment?
inflamed surfaces visceral and parietal pleura
rubbing together
treatment: steroids
54. If the S1 Lub and the S2 Dub sound is abnormal recommend?
An ECHO
55. What is the normal BP and what is the ranges from systolic and diastolic?
120/80
systolic: 90-140
diastolic: 60-90
56. What is a normal x-ray supposed to look like?
Vertebrae are just visible equal and distinct behind the heart and the trachea is dark
and midline
57. What does an underexposed chest x-ray look like?
Can't see anything behind the heart
58. What does an overexposed chest x-ray look like?
Can't see anything
59. What should the costophrenic angles made by the chest wall and diaphragm
should be ?
sharp
60. when the costophrenic angle is blunted?
Think of pleural effusion
61. The heart position can move, if the heart is long and narrow, it means?
COPD
62. The heart position can move, if the heart is Big, it means?
CHF
7
,63. If on an x-ray you see rib crowding, it means?
atelectasis
64. If on an x-ray you see straight ribs, it means?
air trapping
65. When you get a AP chest x-ray its because the patient is?
bed-ridden
66. If you what to get an PA or an lateral chest x-ray, the patient must?
Go to the
machine
67. What does the lateral chest x-ray detect?
Pleural effusion
68. When the patient is intubated the end of the ET tube must be placed where above
the carina?
2-6 cm
69. Where should the NG tube be positioned?
2-6 cm below the diaphragm
70. When should you get a lateral neck x-ray?
Croup, and epiglottitis
71. What does croup look like on a chest x-ray?
Subglottic narrowing
steeple sign
picket fence
pencil point
hourglass
72. What does epiglottitis look like on a chest x-ray?
Supraglottic narrowing
thumb sign
8
,73. What does radiolucent mean?
black air
normal
74. what does radiodense mean?
white pattern
solid
fluid
normal for bones and organs
75. What does infiltrates mean?
any ill defined radiodensity= atelectasis
76. What does consolidation mean?
Solid white area
inside the lung= pneumonia
outside the lung= pleural effusion
77. What does hyperlucency mean?
extra pulmonary air= air trapping COPD
78. Vascular markings that should be on a chest x-ray?
Lymphatics
vessels
lung tissue
increased= CHF
Absent= pneumothorax
79. What does diffuse mean on a chest x-ray?
Spread throughout
atelectasis or pneumonia
80. What does opaque mean on a chest x-ray?
fluid or solid
consolidation
81. What does pulmonary edema on an x-ray look like?
fluffy infiltrates
batwing/butterfly
9
, 82. What is the treatment for pulmonary edema?
diuretics
digitalis
digoxin ppv
83. What does atelectasis look like on an x-ray?
patchy platelike crowded
84. What is the treatment for atelectasis?
SMI/IS IPPB CPAP PEEP
85. What does ARDS/IRDS look like on a x-ray?
ground glass
honeycomb
diffused radiopacity
86. What is the treatment for ARDS/IRDS?
oxygen CPAP PEEP
use the ARDSNET protocol (low vt, pip, and high RR)
87. What does a pleural effusion look like on a x-ray?
blunting of the costophrenic angles
88. What is the treatment for an pleural effusion?
chest tube
thoracentesis
antibiotics
steroids
89. What does pneumonia look like on a x-ray?
air bronchogram
90. What is the treatment for pneumonia?
antibiotics
91. What does a pulmonary embolism look like on a x-ray?
peripheral wedge shaped
infiltrates
10
EXAM REVIEW
300+ Review Qs & Ans
Exam Preparation
Main Features:
• Questions, Terms, and Answers
• Extensive collection of Review questions and answers
• Helpful for identifying knowledge gaps
• Covers high-yield concepts
• Supports structured study and final revision
1
,1. An increased HR may indicate?
Decreased Oxygenation
2. what do you recommend to a patient with tobacco use?
Nicotine replacement
3. What is the pack year Formula?
# of packs/day x # of years smoked
4. If the patient is in shock you will care about what?
a urine output less than 40 mL/hr
5. What does a decreased CVP mean and how do you fix it?
Hypovolemia
Give fluids
6. What does an increased CVP mean and how do you fix it?
Hypervolemia
Give diuretics
7. General Malaise is usually due from?
Electrolyte imbalance
8. What is a correct interview technique?
Ask open ended questions, not yes or no questions
Use the KISS method
9. When the patient has peripheral edema, what condition does go along with?
CHF
2
,10. What does diaphoresis mean and why does it happen?
Profuse sweating
1. CHF (heart failure)
2. fever, infection
3. anxiety
4. tuberculosis
11. What are some examples of positive inotropes?
1. Digitalis
2. Digoxin
12. When the patient has kyphoscoliosis, what does it cause the patient to have wrong
with their lungs?
A restrictive pattern
(reduced lung volumes)
13. Normal breathing means the chest moves?
Symmetrical
14. What is the word for normal breathing and what is the normal RR?
Eupnea
12-20
15. When the patient is tachypneic, what do you give the patient?
oxygen
16. What is the normal muscles used in ventilation?
Diaphragm and external intercostals
17. What disease processes have hypertrophy in common?
COPD and increased WOB
18. What condition is atrophy common in?
Paralysis
19. If the patient has a strong cough but no sputum production may need?
Assistance
3
,20. Respiratory distress in infants is indicated by what?
Nasal flaring
21. An increased respiratory rate, increased depth, regular rhythm is what breathing
pattern?
Hyperpnea
22. A gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from 30-
180 seconds, with periods of apnea lasting up to 60 seconds is what breathing
pattern?
Cheyne-Stokes
23. An increased respiratory rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea is what
breathing pattern?
Biot's
24. An increased respiratory rate, increased depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds
labored is what breathing pattern?
Kussmaul's
25. Shallow or slow breathing?
Hypopnea
26. Soft palate, uvula, fauces, pillars visible is what class of the mallampati score?
class 1
27. Soft palate, uvula, fauces visible is what class of the mallampati score?
class 2
28. Soft palate, base of uvula visible is what class of the mallampati score?
class 3
29. Hard palate only visible is what class of the mallampati score?
class 4
30. What are the classes considered difficult in the mallampati score?
class 3 and 4
utilize a bronchoscope or video assist device
4
,31. when giving a treatment what change in HR is considered a adverse reaction?
More than 20 BPM
32. If the patient has an adverse reaction to the treatment what should you do?
Immediately STOP the treatment
33. What does the assessment by inspection mean?
What you can see
34. What does the assessment by palpation mean?
What you can feel?
35. What does Pulsus paradoxus mean and what does it indicate?
pulse or BP vary with the RR
Indicates severe air trapping
36. What do you give to the patient that has tachycardia?
Oxygen
37. What pathologies make the trachea pull toward them?
Atelectasis
Pneumonectomy
Diaphragmatic paralysis
38. What pathologies make the trachea pull away from them?
Pleural effusion
Tension pneumothorax
Neck tumors
Mediastinal mass
39. What does tactile fremitus mean?
vibrations that are felt by the hand on the chest wall
40. Resonant percussion mean?
Normal
41. Flat or dull percussion mean?
Less air (fluid filled)
5
,42. Tympanic / Hyperresonant means?
More Air (air-trapping)
43. What does vesicular mean?
normal breath sounds
44. What does bronchial BS mean?
normal breath sounds heard over the trachea or bronchi
45. What would you do if you heard crackles (rales), or coarse crackles (rhonchi)?
Suction the patient
Crackles, coarse crackles treat with bronchial hygiene
46. What does fine crackles indicate?
CHF or pulmonary edema
recommend oxygen, CPAP, positive inotropes, Lasix, and morphine
47. If auscultate the patient and they have bilateral wheezing it means what and treat
with?
Bronchospasm
Treat with Bronchodilator
48. What does Egophany mean and what does it indicate?
the patient says E but it sounds
like an A
indicate consolidation of the lung, like pneumonia
49. What does unilateral wheezing indicate?
foreign body obstruction
treat with laryngoscopy
50. If the patient has Supraglottic stridor it indicates? and what would you do?
Epiglottic swelling
treat with intubation, emergent trach, or OR
51. If the patient has subglottic swelling it indicates? and what would you do?
Croup or post extubation
treat with Racemic epi
6
,52. What is stertor breathing mean?
Noisy breathing that occurs during inhalation
53. pleural friction rub is? what is the treatment?
inflamed surfaces visceral and parietal pleura
rubbing together
treatment: steroids
54. If the S1 Lub and the S2 Dub sound is abnormal recommend?
An ECHO
55. What is the normal BP and what is the ranges from systolic and diastolic?
120/80
systolic: 90-140
diastolic: 60-90
56. What is a normal x-ray supposed to look like?
Vertebrae are just visible equal and distinct behind the heart and the trachea is dark
and midline
57. What does an underexposed chest x-ray look like?
Can't see anything behind the heart
58. What does an overexposed chest x-ray look like?
Can't see anything
59. What should the costophrenic angles made by the chest wall and diaphragm
should be ?
sharp
60. when the costophrenic angle is blunted?
Think of pleural effusion
61. The heart position can move, if the heart is long and narrow, it means?
COPD
62. The heart position can move, if the heart is Big, it means?
CHF
7
,63. If on an x-ray you see rib crowding, it means?
atelectasis
64. If on an x-ray you see straight ribs, it means?
air trapping
65. When you get a AP chest x-ray its because the patient is?
bed-ridden
66. If you what to get an PA or an lateral chest x-ray, the patient must?
Go to the
machine
67. What does the lateral chest x-ray detect?
Pleural effusion
68. When the patient is intubated the end of the ET tube must be placed where above
the carina?
2-6 cm
69. Where should the NG tube be positioned?
2-6 cm below the diaphragm
70. When should you get a lateral neck x-ray?
Croup, and epiglottitis
71. What does croup look like on a chest x-ray?
Subglottic narrowing
steeple sign
picket fence
pencil point
hourglass
72. What does epiglottitis look like on a chest x-ray?
Supraglottic narrowing
thumb sign
8
,73. What does radiolucent mean?
black air
normal
74. what does radiodense mean?
white pattern
solid
fluid
normal for bones and organs
75. What does infiltrates mean?
any ill defined radiodensity= atelectasis
76. What does consolidation mean?
Solid white area
inside the lung= pneumonia
outside the lung= pleural effusion
77. What does hyperlucency mean?
extra pulmonary air= air trapping COPD
78. Vascular markings that should be on a chest x-ray?
Lymphatics
vessels
lung tissue
increased= CHF
Absent= pneumothorax
79. What does diffuse mean on a chest x-ray?
Spread throughout
atelectasis or pneumonia
80. What does opaque mean on a chest x-ray?
fluid or solid
consolidation
81. What does pulmonary edema on an x-ray look like?
fluffy infiltrates
batwing/butterfly
9
, 82. What is the treatment for pulmonary edema?
diuretics
digitalis
digoxin ppv
83. What does atelectasis look like on an x-ray?
patchy platelike crowded
84. What is the treatment for atelectasis?
SMI/IS IPPB CPAP PEEP
85. What does ARDS/IRDS look like on a x-ray?
ground glass
honeycomb
diffused radiopacity
86. What is the treatment for ARDS/IRDS?
oxygen CPAP PEEP
use the ARDSNET protocol (low vt, pip, and high RR)
87. What does a pleural effusion look like on a x-ray?
blunting of the costophrenic angles
88. What is the treatment for an pleural effusion?
chest tube
thoracentesis
antibiotics
steroids
89. What does pneumonia look like on a x-ray?
air bronchogram
90. What is the treatment for pneumonia?
antibiotics
91. What does a pulmonary embolism look like on a x-ray?
peripheral wedge shaped
infiltrates
10
