,BIOL252/BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab
Module 7 Exam | Portage Learning | 2026 Edition (PDF)
1. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the urinary system?
A) Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
B) Regulation of blood glucose levels by producing glucagon
C) Regulation of plasma ion concentrations
D) Elimination of metabolic wastes like urea and creatinine
Correct Answer: Regulation of blood glucose levels by producing glucagon
Rationale: The regulation of blood glucose is primarily a function of the endocrine pancreas, which
produces insulin and glucagon. The kidneys do not produce glucagon. The urinary system functions in
blood volume/pressure regulation, ion regulation, and waste elimination. The liver produces bile, not
the kidneys.
2. The urinary system consists of which of the following structures?
A) Two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra
B) One kidney, two ureters, one bladder, and one urethra
C) Two kidneys, one ureter, one bladder, and two urethras
D) Two kidneys, two ureters, two bladders, and one urethra
Correct Answer: Two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra
Rationale: The urinary system is composed of two kidneys (which filter blood), two ureters (which
transport urine to the bladder), one urinary bladder (which stores urine), and one urethra (which drains
urine from the body).
3. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A) Glomerulus
B) Nephron
,C) Renal corpuscle
D) Renal tubule
Correct Answer: Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine
formation. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons. The glomerulus and renal tubule are
components of the nephron, not the functional unit itself.
4. Approximately how many nephrons are present in each human kidney?
A) 100,000
B) 500,000
C) 1 million
D) 5 million
Correct Answer: 1 million
Rationale: Each human kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, which are the microscopic
filtering units responsible for urine formation. This number can vary slightly between individuals.
5. The kidneys are located in which anatomical position?
A) Intraperitoneal
B) Retroperitoneal
C) Pelvic cavity
D) Thoracic cavity
Correct Answer: Retroperitoneal
, Rationale: The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs, meaning they are located behind the peritoneum on
the posterior abdominal wall, between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall. They
are not within the peritoneal cavity.
6. A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the T5 level. Would you suspect kidney damage,
and why?
A) Yes, because the kidneys lie between T1 and T5.
B) Yes, because the kidneys are located at the T5 level.
C) No, because the kidneys lie between T12 and L3.
D) No, because the kidneys are protected by the ribs at T5.
Correct Answer: No, because the kidneys lie between T12 and L3.
Rationale: The kidneys lie retroperitoneally between the twelfth thoracic (T12) and third lumbar (L3)
vertebrae, with the right kidney slightly lower due to the liver. Trauma at T5 would not directly damage
the kidneys.
7. True or False: The kidneys are long, muscular tubes.
A) True
B) False
Correct Answer: False
Rationale: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs composed of soft tissue. They are not muscular tubes;
the ureters are the muscular tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
8. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left kidney because:
A) The right kidney is smaller
B) The presence of the liver on the right side
C) The right kidney has fewer nephrons
D) The right adrenal gland is larger
Module 7 Exam | Portage Learning | 2026 Edition (PDF)
1. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the urinary system?
A) Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
B) Regulation of blood glucose levels by producing glucagon
C) Regulation of plasma ion concentrations
D) Elimination of metabolic wastes like urea and creatinine
Correct Answer: Regulation of blood glucose levels by producing glucagon
Rationale: The regulation of blood glucose is primarily a function of the endocrine pancreas, which
produces insulin and glucagon. The kidneys do not produce glucagon. The urinary system functions in
blood volume/pressure regulation, ion regulation, and waste elimination. The liver produces bile, not
the kidneys.
2. The urinary system consists of which of the following structures?
A) Two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra
B) One kidney, two ureters, one bladder, and one urethra
C) Two kidneys, one ureter, one bladder, and two urethras
D) Two kidneys, two ureters, two bladders, and one urethra
Correct Answer: Two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra
Rationale: The urinary system is composed of two kidneys (which filter blood), two ureters (which
transport urine to the bladder), one urinary bladder (which stores urine), and one urethra (which drains
urine from the body).
3. The functional unit of the kidney is the:
A) Glomerulus
B) Nephron
,C) Renal corpuscle
D) Renal tubule
Correct Answer: Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine
formation. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons. The glomerulus and renal tubule are
components of the nephron, not the functional unit itself.
4. Approximately how many nephrons are present in each human kidney?
A) 100,000
B) 500,000
C) 1 million
D) 5 million
Correct Answer: 1 million
Rationale: Each human kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, which are the microscopic
filtering units responsible for urine formation. This number can vary slightly between individuals.
5. The kidneys are located in which anatomical position?
A) Intraperitoneal
B) Retroperitoneal
C) Pelvic cavity
D) Thoracic cavity
Correct Answer: Retroperitoneal
, Rationale: The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs, meaning they are located behind the peritoneum on
the posterior abdominal wall, between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall. They
are not within the peritoneal cavity.
6. A person sustained blunt force trauma to the back at the T5 level. Would you suspect kidney damage,
and why?
A) Yes, because the kidneys lie between T1 and T5.
B) Yes, because the kidneys are located at the T5 level.
C) No, because the kidneys lie between T12 and L3.
D) No, because the kidneys are protected by the ribs at T5.
Correct Answer: No, because the kidneys lie between T12 and L3.
Rationale: The kidneys lie retroperitoneally between the twelfth thoracic (T12) and third lumbar (L3)
vertebrae, with the right kidney slightly lower due to the liver. Trauma at T5 would not directly damage
the kidneys.
7. True or False: The kidneys are long, muscular tubes.
A) True
B) False
Correct Answer: False
Rationale: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs composed of soft tissue. They are not muscular tubes;
the ureters are the muscular tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
8. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left kidney because:
A) The right kidney is smaller
B) The presence of the liver on the right side
C) The right kidney has fewer nephrons
D) The right adrenal gland is larger
