,BIOL252/BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab
1. Which of the following correctly lists the levels of organization from simplest to most complex?
A) Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
B) Cellular, chemical, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
C) Chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, organ system, organismal
D) Tissue, chemical, cellular, organ, organ system, organismal
Correct Answer: Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
Rationale: The hierarchy of biological organization begins at the chemical level (atoms and molecules),
progresses to cells, then tissues, organs, organ systems, and finally the organismal level. This order
reflects increasing complexity from simple molecules to the entire living body.
2. Which body cavity is subdivided into the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity?
A) Ventral body cavity
B) Thoracic cavity
C) Abdominopelvic cavity
D) Dorsal body cavity
Correct Answer: Dorsal body cavity
Rationale: The dorsal body cavity protects the nervous system and is subdivided into the cranial cavity
(containing the brain) and the vertebral (spinal) cavity (containing the spinal cord). The ventral body
cavity contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
3. A collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the central nervous system is known as a:
A) Nucleus
B) Nerve
C) Ganglion
D) Tract
,Correct Answer: Ganglion
Rationale: In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), a cluster of neuron cell bodies is called a ganglion.
Within the central nervous system (CNS), a similar cluster is called a nucleus. A nerve is a bundle of
axons in the PNS, and a tract is a bundle of axons in the CNS.
4. Which branch of the nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response?
A) Somatic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Sympathetic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
Correct Answer: Parasympathetic nervous system
Rationale: The autonomic nervous system has two main divisions: the sympathetic (fight or flight) and
the parasympathetic (rest and digest). The parasympathetic system conserves energy and promotes
non-stressful states, like digestion.
5. The neuron pictured below is best described as:
A) Bipolar
B) Multipolar
C) Unipolar
D) Pseudounipolar
Correct Answer: Multipolar
Rationale: Multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites and one axon, making them the most common
neuron type in the central nervous system.
, 6. An interneuron located entirely within the spinal cord is part of the:
A) Peripheral nervous system
B) Central nervous system
C) Autonomic nervous system
D) Somatic nervous system
Correct Answer: Central nervous system
Rationale: The central nervous system (CNS) is defined as the brain and spinal cord. Interneurons, by
definition, are confined to the CNS and act as a bridge between sensory and motor neurons.
7. The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains:
A) Sensory (afferent) neurons
B) Motor (efferent) neurons
C) Interneurons
D) Unmyelinated axons only
Correct Answer: Motor (efferent) neurons
Rationale: Spinal nerves are mixed, containing both sensory and motor fibers. The ventral root (anterior)
specifically carries motor information away from the spinal cord to effectors like muscles and glands.
8. The part of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the:
A) Dendrite
B) Axon
C) Soma
D) Nissl body
Correct Answer: Axon
1. Which of the following correctly lists the levels of organization from simplest to most complex?
A) Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
B) Cellular, chemical, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
C) Chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, organ system, organismal
D) Tissue, chemical, cellular, organ, organ system, organismal
Correct Answer: Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
Rationale: The hierarchy of biological organization begins at the chemical level (atoms and molecules),
progresses to cells, then tissues, organs, organ systems, and finally the organismal level. This order
reflects increasing complexity from simple molecules to the entire living body.
2. Which body cavity is subdivided into the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity?
A) Ventral body cavity
B) Thoracic cavity
C) Abdominopelvic cavity
D) Dorsal body cavity
Correct Answer: Dorsal body cavity
Rationale: The dorsal body cavity protects the nervous system and is subdivided into the cranial cavity
(containing the brain) and the vertebral (spinal) cavity (containing the spinal cord). The ventral body
cavity contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
3. A collection of neuron cell bodies located outside the central nervous system is known as a:
A) Nucleus
B) Nerve
C) Ganglion
D) Tract
,Correct Answer: Ganglion
Rationale: In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), a cluster of neuron cell bodies is called a ganglion.
Within the central nervous system (CNS), a similar cluster is called a nucleus. A nerve is a bundle of
axons in the PNS, and a tract is a bundle of axons in the CNS.
4. Which branch of the nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response?
A) Somatic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system
C) Sympathetic nervous system
D) Enteric nervous system
Correct Answer: Parasympathetic nervous system
Rationale: The autonomic nervous system has two main divisions: the sympathetic (fight or flight) and
the parasympathetic (rest and digest). The parasympathetic system conserves energy and promotes
non-stressful states, like digestion.
5. The neuron pictured below is best described as:
A) Bipolar
B) Multipolar
C) Unipolar
D) Pseudounipolar
Correct Answer: Multipolar
Rationale: Multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites and one axon, making them the most common
neuron type in the central nervous system.
, 6. An interneuron located entirely within the spinal cord is part of the:
A) Peripheral nervous system
B) Central nervous system
C) Autonomic nervous system
D) Somatic nervous system
Correct Answer: Central nervous system
Rationale: The central nervous system (CNS) is defined as the brain and spinal cord. Interneurons, by
definition, are confined to the CNS and act as a bridge between sensory and motor neurons.
7. The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains:
A) Sensory (afferent) neurons
B) Motor (efferent) neurons
C) Interneurons
D) Unmyelinated axons only
Correct Answer: Motor (efferent) neurons
Rationale: Spinal nerves are mixed, containing both sensory and motor fibers. The ventral root (anterior)
specifically carries motor information away from the spinal cord to effectors like muscles and glands.
8. The part of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the:
A) Dendrite
B) Axon
C) Soma
D) Nissl body
Correct Answer: Axon
