HNF 150 NUTRITION BASICS/ RECOMMENDATIONS
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 UPDATE
LO#1--Nutrient Density - Answers - Foods rich in nutrients relative to their energy
content (calories) -usually whole foods- low cal/high nutrient they help support growth
sand give us energy
6 classes of nutrients - Answers - water, carb, fat, protein, vitamin, minerals
energy yield for carb, protein, fat, alcohol - Answers - carb: 4
protein: 4
fat: 9
alcohol: 7
whole foods
processed foods
enriched/fortified foods
functional foods
Ex? - Answers - whole foods: form a nutritious diet. Ex. milk, meats, vegetables, fruits,
grains
processed foods: foods subjected to any process (milling, alteration of texture, adding
additives to it) could be nutritious based on process EX. NUTTY BARS, twix
enriched foods: nutrients have been lost during food processing that have been added
back
Ex. wheat>white flour
fortified foods: nutrients have been added to a food that weren't originally in the food Ex.
adding vitamin D to milk
functional foods: whole or modified foods that contain bioactive food components
believed to provide health benefits(reduced disease risk) beyond the benefits that their
nutrients confer. Ex. nuts, oats, tomatoes
Essential nutrients - Answers - must be obtained from external source, substance must
have an identified biological function
calorie - Answers - 1 calorie= the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1
liter of water 1 degree celsius
energy-yielding nutrients - Answers - the body can use the energy they contain (carb,
fat, protein) to provide materials that form structures and working parts of the body.
, organic/inorganic nutrients - Answers - organic: contain carbon and only made by living
things
Ex. Carb, fat, protein, vitamins
inorganic:everything that isn't organic that may contain carbon dioxide or things not
made by living things
credible sources of nutrition info - Answers - scientific journal or nutrition reviews are
good places to find reliable nutrition info
cues that could be misleading nutritional wise - Answers - "the truth is" "now we know"
scientists say may or might because they know things change.
steps of the scientific method - Answers - 1. observation and a question
2. hypothesis and prediction
3. experiment
4. results and interpretations
5. if hypothesis is supported then theory is developed
case study - Answers - studies individuals, no comparison group, offers starting point for
further research, does not establish cause and effect
epidemiological study - Answers - study of population Ex. migration studies that follow
populations form one food environment to another. a9reveal association - A is
associated with B- not causation 3 types-
intervention study/randomized controlled trial - Answers - researchers actively intervene
in one group of the population (experimental group) and compare to a group that does
not receive the intervention (control group). Ex. one group follow diet to increase fat
while other does not, and heart health is monitored of both groups, show the effect of
treatments
Laboratory Study - Answers - Studies performed under tightly controlled situations -
animals usually involved.
Blind experiment - Answers - subjects don't know if they're subjects of the experimental
or control group
double blind experiment - Answers - neither subjects nor researchers know which group
the members belong to until the end of the experiment
Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the types of diet and nutrition measures -
Answers - anthropomedic methods: body measurements
clinical examination: look at physical signs
biomarkers: ( pee sample or hair)
diet questionnaires: can be hard for people to remember food intake
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026 UPDATE
LO#1--Nutrient Density - Answers - Foods rich in nutrients relative to their energy
content (calories) -usually whole foods- low cal/high nutrient they help support growth
sand give us energy
6 classes of nutrients - Answers - water, carb, fat, protein, vitamin, minerals
energy yield for carb, protein, fat, alcohol - Answers - carb: 4
protein: 4
fat: 9
alcohol: 7
whole foods
processed foods
enriched/fortified foods
functional foods
Ex? - Answers - whole foods: form a nutritious diet. Ex. milk, meats, vegetables, fruits,
grains
processed foods: foods subjected to any process (milling, alteration of texture, adding
additives to it) could be nutritious based on process EX. NUTTY BARS, twix
enriched foods: nutrients have been lost during food processing that have been added
back
Ex. wheat>white flour
fortified foods: nutrients have been added to a food that weren't originally in the food Ex.
adding vitamin D to milk
functional foods: whole or modified foods that contain bioactive food components
believed to provide health benefits(reduced disease risk) beyond the benefits that their
nutrients confer. Ex. nuts, oats, tomatoes
Essential nutrients - Answers - must be obtained from external source, substance must
have an identified biological function
calorie - Answers - 1 calorie= the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1
liter of water 1 degree celsius
energy-yielding nutrients - Answers - the body can use the energy they contain (carb,
fat, protein) to provide materials that form structures and working parts of the body.
, organic/inorganic nutrients - Answers - organic: contain carbon and only made by living
things
Ex. Carb, fat, protein, vitamins
inorganic:everything that isn't organic that may contain carbon dioxide or things not
made by living things
credible sources of nutrition info - Answers - scientific journal or nutrition reviews are
good places to find reliable nutrition info
cues that could be misleading nutritional wise - Answers - "the truth is" "now we know"
scientists say may or might because they know things change.
steps of the scientific method - Answers - 1. observation and a question
2. hypothesis and prediction
3. experiment
4. results and interpretations
5. if hypothesis is supported then theory is developed
case study - Answers - studies individuals, no comparison group, offers starting point for
further research, does not establish cause and effect
epidemiological study - Answers - study of population Ex. migration studies that follow
populations form one food environment to another. a9reveal association - A is
associated with B- not causation 3 types-
intervention study/randomized controlled trial - Answers - researchers actively intervene
in one group of the population (experimental group) and compare to a group that does
not receive the intervention (control group). Ex. one group follow diet to increase fat
while other does not, and heart health is monitored of both groups, show the effect of
treatments
Laboratory Study - Answers - Studies performed under tightly controlled situations -
animals usually involved.
Blind experiment - Answers - subjects don't know if they're subjects of the experimental
or control group
double blind experiment - Answers - neither subjects nor researchers know which group
the members belong to until the end of the experiment
Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the types of diet and nutrition measures -
Answers - anthropomedic methods: body measurements
clinical examination: look at physical signs
biomarkers: ( pee sample or hair)
diet questionnaires: can be hard for people to remember food intake
