HNF 150 MSU EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026 UPDATE
Nutrient Densiy - Answers - Nutrient dense food has more nutrients, fewer carbs
1. Vitamins
2. Minerals
3. Complex Carbs
Six types of nutrients - Answers - Water
Carbs
Protein
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Nutrient Energy Yield - Answers - Carbs = 4kcal/gram
Protein = 4kcal/gram
Lipids = 9kcal/gram
**Alcohol = 7kcal/gram
Nutritious Diet characteristics - Answers - 1. Adequacy
2. Balance
3. Calorie Control
4. Moderation
5. Variety
Whole food - Answers - Food with as little processing as possible
Processed food - Answers - Food subjected to additives process
Enriched - Answers - Nutrient is removed and added back
Fortified - Answers - Nutrients are added (Vitamin D in milk)
Functional food - Answers - Food containing food components that benefit you
Energy-yielding nutrients - Answers - Nutrients the body can use for energy
Organic Nutrients - Answers - Carbon containing four of the six class of nutrients (carbs,
fat, protein, vita.). Only made by living things
Inorganic - Answers - Minerals and water
, Essential Nutrients - Answers - Nutrients the body can't make itself
Calorie - Answers - Amount of heat need to raise 1oz of water 1 degree celsius
Scientific Method - Answers - Observation
Hypothesis
Results
Replication
Case study - Answers - Study of individuals
Epidemiological Study - Answers - Study of populations
Intervention Study - Answers - Researchers intervene in a group of population and
compare a group to one without intervention
Laboratory Study - Answers - Studies performed under tightly controlled situations
DRI - Answers - (Dietary References Intakes) Set of 4 lists of values for measuring
nutrient intake of healthy people
1. EAR
2. RDA
3. AI
4. UL
EAR - Answers - Estimated Average Requirement: Requirement of half of the healthy
people
RDA - Answers - Recommended Daily Allowances: Nutrient intake goals for individuals.
Average intake for all heathy people
AI - Answers - Adequate Intake: Nutrient intake goals for individuals
UL - Answers - Tolerable Upper Intake: Highest daily average likely to cause no risk
DV - Answers - Nutrient standards that are printed on food labels (2,000 calories)
AMDR - Answers - Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges: ranges for which
three macromolecules expresses as % of daily intake
Health Claim - Answers - FDA - Claims linking food constituents with disease states
Nutrient Claim - Answers - FDA - Claims using approved wording to describe nutrients
on foods (high, free, healthy, etc.)
Structure Function Claim - Answers - NON FDA - Unregulated claim permitted on lables
2026 UPDATE
Nutrient Densiy - Answers - Nutrient dense food has more nutrients, fewer carbs
1. Vitamins
2. Minerals
3. Complex Carbs
Six types of nutrients - Answers - Water
Carbs
Protein
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Nutrient Energy Yield - Answers - Carbs = 4kcal/gram
Protein = 4kcal/gram
Lipids = 9kcal/gram
**Alcohol = 7kcal/gram
Nutritious Diet characteristics - Answers - 1. Adequacy
2. Balance
3. Calorie Control
4. Moderation
5. Variety
Whole food - Answers - Food with as little processing as possible
Processed food - Answers - Food subjected to additives process
Enriched - Answers - Nutrient is removed and added back
Fortified - Answers - Nutrients are added (Vitamin D in milk)
Functional food - Answers - Food containing food components that benefit you
Energy-yielding nutrients - Answers - Nutrients the body can use for energy
Organic Nutrients - Answers - Carbon containing four of the six class of nutrients (carbs,
fat, protein, vita.). Only made by living things
Inorganic - Answers - Minerals and water
, Essential Nutrients - Answers - Nutrients the body can't make itself
Calorie - Answers - Amount of heat need to raise 1oz of water 1 degree celsius
Scientific Method - Answers - Observation
Hypothesis
Results
Replication
Case study - Answers - Study of individuals
Epidemiological Study - Answers - Study of populations
Intervention Study - Answers - Researchers intervene in a group of population and
compare a group to one without intervention
Laboratory Study - Answers - Studies performed under tightly controlled situations
DRI - Answers - (Dietary References Intakes) Set of 4 lists of values for measuring
nutrient intake of healthy people
1. EAR
2. RDA
3. AI
4. UL
EAR - Answers - Estimated Average Requirement: Requirement of half of the healthy
people
RDA - Answers - Recommended Daily Allowances: Nutrient intake goals for individuals.
Average intake for all heathy people
AI - Answers - Adequate Intake: Nutrient intake goals for individuals
UL - Answers - Tolerable Upper Intake: Highest daily average likely to cause no risk
DV - Answers - Nutrient standards that are printed on food labels (2,000 calories)
AMDR - Answers - Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges: ranges for which
three macromolecules expresses as % of daily intake
Health Claim - Answers - FDA - Claims linking food constituents with disease states
Nutrient Claim - Answers - FDA - Claims using approved wording to describe nutrients
on foods (high, free, healthy, etc.)
Structure Function Claim - Answers - NON FDA - Unregulated claim permitted on lables
