HNF 150 LEARNING OBJECTIVES EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026 UPDATE
The concept of nutrient density and state how it can be used to determine the
healthfulness of foods - Answers - high nutrient-dense food choice can provide your
body with the protein, fiber, healthy fats, vitamins and minerals we need every day,
while low nutrient-dense choice may provide empty calories from sugar and saturated
fat
Describe causes and treatment for the following digestive diseases: constipation,
diverticulosis/itis, diarrhea, heartburn and GERD, IBS, ulcers, ulcerative colitis, and
Crohn's disease. - Answers - Heartburn and GERD: Acid Reflux, when esophageal
sphincter doesn't work correctly
Constipation: Difficult or infrequent bowel movements
Diverticulosis/itis: osis: pockets in large intestine where food accumultes
high fiber diet, medical treatment if severe
Diarrhea: loose watery stool
IBS: Work with a doctor and dietitian to identify problem foods and plan a diet to
minimize symptoms
Crohn's disease: Work with doctor on diet, immune-suppressive drugs, antibiotics,
surgery to remove damaged parts of intestine
Ulcerative Colitis: medication, surgery
Identify the six classes of nutrients - Answers - Carb, Protein, Vitamins, Minerals, Water,
Fat
Recall the energy yield (kcal/gram) for carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol. - Answers
- Carb: 4 kcal/g
Protein: 4 kcal/g
Fat: 9 kcal/g
Alcohol: 7 kcal/g
State the 4 characteristics of a nutritious diet - Answers - Adequacy, calorie control,
variety and moderation
Identify the steps of scientific method. - Answers - Question, Research, Hypothesis,
Experiment, Data Analysis, Conclusion
Describe the various ways scientists measure diet and nutrition status. - Answers -
Anthropometry,
Clinical Examination,
, Diet Questionnaires,
Food Frequency Questionnaire,
Biomarkers
Describe and recognize an example of the 10 major types of nutrition research studies
discussed in class. - Answers - Case Study-
Qulitative Study-
Epidemiological studies-
Cross-sectional-
Migration-
Case control-
Cohort-
Labrotory Studies-
Clinical trial (Randomized)-
Clinical trial (Double Blind)-
List the 5 characteristics scientists evaluate when weighing the totality of evidence
about a specific nutrition question. - Answers - 1. Follow a healthy eating pattern across
the lifespan.
2. Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount.
3. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats, reduce sodium intake.
4. Consider cultural and personal preferences.
5. Support healthy eating patterns for all
Understand the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, and health; and
whether it is possible to be both metabolically healthy and overweight or obese. -
Answers - Obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness are independent predictors of
cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality. It is possible to be both metabolically
healthy and overweight or obese.
List the health properties of garlic, and which compounds are responsible for the health
benefits and odor. - Answers - Garlic helps fight bacteria, viruses, fungi, and even
parasites, high antioxidants.
Organosulfur compounds like allicin and DADS are responsible for these.
Identify credible sources and credentials of experts in the field of nutrition who provide
reliable nutrition information. - Answers - Dietary Reference Intakes (Food & Nutrition
Board, National Academy of Sciences) DRI, FDA, USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and
Promotion
Recognize cues within nutrition information that could be misleading in advertising and
media. - Answers - Misleading health cues, too good to be true, logic without proof,
authority not cited, persecution claims, suspicions about food supply, testimonials
Describe the "Health at Every Size" paradigm - Answers - a lifestyle that encourages
healthy eating and enjoyable physical activity as a way to feel better and live longer. an
AND ANSWERS 2026 UPDATE
The concept of nutrient density and state how it can be used to determine the
healthfulness of foods - Answers - high nutrient-dense food choice can provide your
body with the protein, fiber, healthy fats, vitamins and minerals we need every day,
while low nutrient-dense choice may provide empty calories from sugar and saturated
fat
Describe causes and treatment for the following digestive diseases: constipation,
diverticulosis/itis, diarrhea, heartburn and GERD, IBS, ulcers, ulcerative colitis, and
Crohn's disease. - Answers - Heartburn and GERD: Acid Reflux, when esophageal
sphincter doesn't work correctly
Constipation: Difficult or infrequent bowel movements
Diverticulosis/itis: osis: pockets in large intestine where food accumultes
high fiber diet, medical treatment if severe
Diarrhea: loose watery stool
IBS: Work with a doctor and dietitian to identify problem foods and plan a diet to
minimize symptoms
Crohn's disease: Work with doctor on diet, immune-suppressive drugs, antibiotics,
surgery to remove damaged parts of intestine
Ulcerative Colitis: medication, surgery
Identify the six classes of nutrients - Answers - Carb, Protein, Vitamins, Minerals, Water,
Fat
Recall the energy yield (kcal/gram) for carbohydrate, protein, fat, and alcohol. - Answers
- Carb: 4 kcal/g
Protein: 4 kcal/g
Fat: 9 kcal/g
Alcohol: 7 kcal/g
State the 4 characteristics of a nutritious diet - Answers - Adequacy, calorie control,
variety and moderation
Identify the steps of scientific method. - Answers - Question, Research, Hypothesis,
Experiment, Data Analysis, Conclusion
Describe the various ways scientists measure diet and nutrition status. - Answers -
Anthropometry,
Clinical Examination,
, Diet Questionnaires,
Food Frequency Questionnaire,
Biomarkers
Describe and recognize an example of the 10 major types of nutrition research studies
discussed in class. - Answers - Case Study-
Qulitative Study-
Epidemiological studies-
Cross-sectional-
Migration-
Case control-
Cohort-
Labrotory Studies-
Clinical trial (Randomized)-
Clinical trial (Double Blind)-
List the 5 characteristics scientists evaluate when weighing the totality of evidence
about a specific nutrition question. - Answers - 1. Follow a healthy eating pattern across
the lifespan.
2. Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount.
3. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats, reduce sodium intake.
4. Consider cultural and personal preferences.
5. Support healthy eating patterns for all
Understand the relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, fatness, and health; and
whether it is possible to be both metabolically healthy and overweight or obese. -
Answers - Obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness are independent predictors of
cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality. It is possible to be both metabolically
healthy and overweight or obese.
List the health properties of garlic, and which compounds are responsible for the health
benefits and odor. - Answers - Garlic helps fight bacteria, viruses, fungi, and even
parasites, high antioxidants.
Organosulfur compounds like allicin and DADS are responsible for these.
Identify credible sources and credentials of experts in the field of nutrition who provide
reliable nutrition information. - Answers - Dietary Reference Intakes (Food & Nutrition
Board, National Academy of Sciences) DRI, FDA, USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and
Promotion
Recognize cues within nutrition information that could be misleading in advertising and
media. - Answers - Misleading health cues, too good to be true, logic without proof,
authority not cited, persecution claims, suspicions about food supply, testimonials
Describe the "Health at Every Size" paradigm - Answers - a lifestyle that encourages
healthy eating and enjoyable physical activity as a way to feel better and live longer. an
