HNF 150 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
UPDATE
Water balance of the body - Answers - -Dehydration
-Water equilibrium
-Water intoxication
T/F: 60% of body weight is water weight - Answers - True
Major functions of water in the body - Answers - -Carries nutrients
-Cleanses tissue an blood
-Solvent
-Chemical reactions
-Lubricant around joints
-Shock absorber
-Body temperature
How to dehydrate the body - Answers - -Dont drink enough fluids
-Diuretics (alcohol, caffeine)
-Eat lots of salt and sugar
Dehydration symptoms - Answers - -Thirst
-Dry mouth
-Lack of energy
-Rapid pulse
-Low blood pressure
-Sudden weight loss
-Reduced urine
Water Recommendations - Answers - Men (19-30y): 3.7 Liters
Women (19-30y): 2.7 Liters
What is not a sign of dehydration? - Answers - Increased urination
Which part of the brain regulates water intake? - Answers - hypothalamus
Sources of water output: - Answers - kidneys, skin, lungs, feces
Hard water: - Answers - contains dissolved minerals like calcium and magnesium
Soft water: - Answers - treated water with only sodium ion
, Example: rainwater
Diuretic - Answers - compound, usually a medication, causing increased urinary water
excretion
Ions - Answers - electrically charged particles such as sodium or chloride
What is usually the first sign of dehydration? - Answers - thirst
Which type of water is more highly regulated? - Answers - tap water
Trace Minerals - Answers - Iodine, Zinc, Fluoride, Iron, Selenium
Iodine Function & Sources - Answers - Thyroid hormone and BMR
-iodized salt, seafood, foods grown in iodine rich soil, bread
Iodine Deficiency - Answers - goiter, cretinism(severe stomach bulge and
underdevelopment mentally and physically)
Zinc Function & Sources - Answers - Works with proteins to help enzymes
-yogurt, pork chops, meats, fish, enriched cereal
Zinc Deficiency - Answers - HBP, growth retardation, dermatitis and poor wound healing
Fluoride Function & Sources - Answers - Works with insulin to regulate/release energy
from glucose. Helps form bones and teeth
-fish, meat, seafood, water with fluoride
Fluoride Deficiency - Answers - dental decay
Iron Function & Sources - Answers - Oxygen carrying cells: hemoglobin ---> red blood
cells--->myoglobin---->muscle cells, helps enzymes use oxygen needed to make new
cells
Iron Deficiency - Answers - anemia, pica
Selenium Function & Sources - Answers - assists enzymes that work with Vitamin E to
prevent free radical formation
-seafoods, organ meats, whole grains
Selenium Deficiency - Answers - Predisposition to a form of heart disease characterized
by fibrous cardiac tissue (uncommon).
UPDATE
Water balance of the body - Answers - -Dehydration
-Water equilibrium
-Water intoxication
T/F: 60% of body weight is water weight - Answers - True
Major functions of water in the body - Answers - -Carries nutrients
-Cleanses tissue an blood
-Solvent
-Chemical reactions
-Lubricant around joints
-Shock absorber
-Body temperature
How to dehydrate the body - Answers - -Dont drink enough fluids
-Diuretics (alcohol, caffeine)
-Eat lots of salt and sugar
Dehydration symptoms - Answers - -Thirst
-Dry mouth
-Lack of energy
-Rapid pulse
-Low blood pressure
-Sudden weight loss
-Reduced urine
Water Recommendations - Answers - Men (19-30y): 3.7 Liters
Women (19-30y): 2.7 Liters
What is not a sign of dehydration? - Answers - Increased urination
Which part of the brain regulates water intake? - Answers - hypothalamus
Sources of water output: - Answers - kidneys, skin, lungs, feces
Hard water: - Answers - contains dissolved minerals like calcium and magnesium
Soft water: - Answers - treated water with only sodium ion
, Example: rainwater
Diuretic - Answers - compound, usually a medication, causing increased urinary water
excretion
Ions - Answers - electrically charged particles such as sodium or chloride
What is usually the first sign of dehydration? - Answers - thirst
Which type of water is more highly regulated? - Answers - tap water
Trace Minerals - Answers - Iodine, Zinc, Fluoride, Iron, Selenium
Iodine Function & Sources - Answers - Thyroid hormone and BMR
-iodized salt, seafood, foods grown in iodine rich soil, bread
Iodine Deficiency - Answers - goiter, cretinism(severe stomach bulge and
underdevelopment mentally and physically)
Zinc Function & Sources - Answers - Works with proteins to help enzymes
-yogurt, pork chops, meats, fish, enriched cereal
Zinc Deficiency - Answers - HBP, growth retardation, dermatitis and poor wound healing
Fluoride Function & Sources - Answers - Works with insulin to regulate/release energy
from glucose. Helps form bones and teeth
-fish, meat, seafood, water with fluoride
Fluoride Deficiency - Answers - dental decay
Iron Function & Sources - Answers - Oxygen carrying cells: hemoglobin ---> red blood
cells--->myoglobin---->muscle cells, helps enzymes use oxygen needed to make new
cells
Iron Deficiency - Answers - anemia, pica
Selenium Function & Sources - Answers - assists enzymes that work with Vitamin E to
prevent free radical formation
-seafoods, organ meats, whole grains
Selenium Deficiency - Answers - Predisposition to a form of heart disease characterized
by fibrous cardiac tissue (uncommon).
