HNF 150 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
UPDATE
What is nutrition? - Answers - study of how food nourishes the body
Vitamin C - Answers - protects cells against damage
important for healthy gums and skin
helps absorb iron
prevents scurvy
What are nutrients? - Answers - components of food that are indispensable to the
body's functioning
What do nutrients provide? - Answers - energy
serve as building material
maintain or repair body parts
supports growth
"Essential" Nutrients - Answers - must be obtained from an external source because we
can't make them ourselves or can't make enough
Type of Nutrients - Answers - Water
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
What are calories? - Answers - 1 calorie = the amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature of 1 liter of water 1 degree Celsius
Nutrient Density - Answers - foods rich in nutrients relative to their energy content
(calories)
*usually whole foods
Why measure diet and nutrition? - Answers - - characterize dietary patterns of
individuals
- assess exposure to food, nutrients and non-nutrients
- identify population groups who do not have adequate nutrition for preventing diseases
How do we measure diet and nutrition? - Answers - Anthropometric methods
Clinical examination
, Diet Questionaries
Biomarkers
Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) - Answers - measures usual amounts of foods
commonly eaten over a time period
Biomarkers - Answers - measure nutrients or metabolites in bio fluids (blood, urine,
saliva, tissues, hair nails, skin, etc.)
Type of Studies - Answers - Case studies
Epidemiological studies
Intervention studies
Laboratory studies
Case Studies - Answers - studies of individuals
Epidemiological Studies - Answers - studies of population, often used in nutrition to
search for correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence
Intervention Studies - Answers - studies of population in which observation is
accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population members
Laboratory Studies - Answers - studies that are performed under tightly controlled
conditions and are designed to pinpoint cause and effect
Experimental Group - Answers - group or animals participating in an experiment that
receives the treatment under investigation
Control Group - Answers - group of individuals who are similar in all possible respects to
the group being treated, but receive a sham treatment(placebo)
Energy Yield - Answers - provide kcalories
Refined - Answers - lost nutrients during processing
Enriched - Answers - added back in
Fortified - Answers - added, not natural
Functional foods - Answers - any healthy food claimed to have a health promoting or
disease preventing property beyond the basic function of supplying nutrient
Energy-yielding nutrients - Answers - nutrients the body can use for energy: carbs, fats,
proteins
Saturated fat free - Answers - <.5 of saturated and trans fat
UPDATE
What is nutrition? - Answers - study of how food nourishes the body
Vitamin C - Answers - protects cells against damage
important for healthy gums and skin
helps absorb iron
prevents scurvy
What are nutrients? - Answers - components of food that are indispensable to the
body's functioning
What do nutrients provide? - Answers - energy
serve as building material
maintain or repair body parts
supports growth
"Essential" Nutrients - Answers - must be obtained from an external source because we
can't make them ourselves or can't make enough
Type of Nutrients - Answers - Water
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
What are calories? - Answers - 1 calorie = the amount of heat needed to raise the
temperature of 1 liter of water 1 degree Celsius
Nutrient Density - Answers - foods rich in nutrients relative to their energy content
(calories)
*usually whole foods
Why measure diet and nutrition? - Answers - - characterize dietary patterns of
individuals
- assess exposure to food, nutrients and non-nutrients
- identify population groups who do not have adequate nutrition for preventing diseases
How do we measure diet and nutrition? - Answers - Anthropometric methods
Clinical examination
, Diet Questionaries
Biomarkers
Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) - Answers - measures usual amounts of foods
commonly eaten over a time period
Biomarkers - Answers - measure nutrients or metabolites in bio fluids (blood, urine,
saliva, tissues, hair nails, skin, etc.)
Type of Studies - Answers - Case studies
Epidemiological studies
Intervention studies
Laboratory studies
Case Studies - Answers - studies of individuals
Epidemiological Studies - Answers - studies of population, often used in nutrition to
search for correlations between dietary habits and disease incidence
Intervention Studies - Answers - studies of population in which observation is
accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population members
Laboratory Studies - Answers - studies that are performed under tightly controlled
conditions and are designed to pinpoint cause and effect
Experimental Group - Answers - group or animals participating in an experiment that
receives the treatment under investigation
Control Group - Answers - group of individuals who are similar in all possible respects to
the group being treated, but receive a sham treatment(placebo)
Energy Yield - Answers - provide kcalories
Refined - Answers - lost nutrients during processing
Enriched - Answers - added back in
Fortified - Answers - added, not natural
Functional foods - Answers - any healthy food claimed to have a health promoting or
disease preventing property beyond the basic function of supplying nutrient
Energy-yielding nutrients - Answers - nutrients the body can use for energy: carbs, fats,
proteins
Saturated fat free - Answers - <.5 of saturated and trans fat
