NUR 2063 EXAM 1 2026 HIGH-YIELD SAFETY
INFECTION CONTROL AND ASSESSMENT
REVIEW GUIDE
◉ What is objective data.
Answer: What you observe and can measure.
◉ What are examples of objective data?.
Answer: rash, low blood pressure, bleeding
◉ What is subjective data?.
Answer: What the patient may report to you
◉ What are examples of subjective data?.
Answer: pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
◉ What is epidemiology?.
Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving populations.
Based on the spread and contact of diseases in people.
◉ What are the levels of disease prevention?.
,Answer: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
◉ Explain Primary Prevention.
Answer: "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
of disease for people.
◉ Examples of Primary Prevention.
Answer: Vaccinations and Handwashing
◉ Explain Secondary Prevention.
Answer: "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of
disease to catch disease early before it spreads
◉ Examples of Secondary Prevention.
Answer: PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check,
mammogram
◉ Explain Tertiary Prevention.
Answer: "Treating" and preventing further complications from a
disorder or disease after the person has the condition
◉ Examples of Tertiary Prevention.
,Answer: Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation,
Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
◉ What is homeostasis?.
Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are in
balance and the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
◉ What is allostasis?.
Answer: ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance
but an attempt to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating
to lower ones body temp.
◉ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome.
Answer: alarm, resistance, exhaustion
◉ Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome.
Answer: Where the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to
stress. Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off
by the HPA axis to flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be
redirected to vital organs in this stage to give the organs energy to
work.
◉ Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome.
, Answer: the activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the
endocrine system to return the body to homeostasis. The body
should ultimately adapt to the stressor.
◉ Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome.
Answer: Occurs when the stressor is not removed or overcome in
the body. The body can no longer return to homeostasis after
prolonged exposure to stressor. It causes the body to be depleted
and damaged that can lead to disease or death.
◉ What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from
general adaptation syndrome?.
Answer: disease can occur physically and mentally, such as anxiety,
depression, headaches, insomnia, infection, and heart disease.
◉ Name the hormones released during alarm stage of general
adaptation syndrome.
Answer: Corticotrophin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic
hormone, catecholamines( norepinephrine and epinephrine) and
cortisol
◉ Explain the Role of corticotrophin releasing hormone in alarm
stage.
Answer: activates the sympathetic nervous system and
adrenocorticotropic hormone.
INFECTION CONTROL AND ASSESSMENT
REVIEW GUIDE
◉ What is objective data.
Answer: What you observe and can measure.
◉ What are examples of objective data?.
Answer: rash, low blood pressure, bleeding
◉ What is subjective data?.
Answer: What the patient may report to you
◉ What are examples of subjective data?.
Answer: pain scale, they feel suicidal, fatigued.
◉ What is epidemiology?.
Answer: study of the patterns of disease involving populations.
Based on the spread and contact of diseases in people.
◉ What are the levels of disease prevention?.
,Answer: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
◉ Explain Primary Prevention.
Answer: "Preventing"; altering susceptibility or reducing exposure
of disease for people.
◉ Examples of Primary Prevention.
Answer: Vaccinations and Handwashing
◉ Explain Secondary Prevention.
Answer: "Screening"; early detection, screening, and management of
disease to catch disease early before it spreads
◉ Examples of Secondary Prevention.
Answer: PAP smears for STDs, lab work for HBA1C check,
mammogram
◉ Explain Tertiary Prevention.
Answer: "Treating" and preventing further complications from a
disorder or disease after the person has the condition
◉ Examples of Tertiary Prevention.
,Answer: Rehab for hip surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation,
Wound care after stroke to prevent pressure ulcers.
◉ What is homeostasis?.
Answer: a state of equilibrium in which all body systems are in
balance and the body is at its most optimal in functioning. Stable.
◉ What is allostasis?.
Answer: ability to successfully adapt to challenges. It is not a balance
but an attempt to adapt to achieve homeostasis. Example: sweating
to lower ones body temp.
◉ Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome.
Answer: alarm, resistance, exhaustion
◉ Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome.
Answer: Where the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to
stress. Fight or Flight responses are activated and energy is given off
by the HPA axis to flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be
redirected to vital organs in this stage to give the organs energy to
work.
◉ Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome.
, Answer: the activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the
endocrine system to return the body to homeostasis. The body
should ultimately adapt to the stressor.
◉ Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome.
Answer: Occurs when the stressor is not removed or overcome in
the body. The body can no longer return to homeostasis after
prolonged exposure to stressor. It causes the body to be depleted
and damaged that can lead to disease or death.
◉ What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from
general adaptation syndrome?.
Answer: disease can occur physically and mentally, such as anxiety,
depression, headaches, insomnia, infection, and heart disease.
◉ Name the hormones released during alarm stage of general
adaptation syndrome.
Answer: Corticotrophin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic
hormone, catecholamines( norepinephrine and epinephrine) and
cortisol
◉ Explain the Role of corticotrophin releasing hormone in alarm
stage.
Answer: activates the sympathetic nervous system and
adrenocorticotropic hormone.
