NUR 641 E FINAL 2026 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION EXAMS COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
◉ Medication safety organizations.
Answer: The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
The Joint Commission
The National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting
and Prevention (NCCMERP)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
◉ Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs).
Answer: Two basic type of ADRs: pharmacological and idiosyncratic.
85% to 90% of ADRs are pharmacological.
,Adverse drug reactions are usually preventable, frequently occur in
a hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors,
adverse drug effects, allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions.
ADRs are not commonly reported; the FDA does not mandate that
ADRs be reported.
Polypharmacy involves using multiple healthcare providers for care,
using multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for
prescription filling.
◉ Cardiovascular-Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
(ACEIs):.
Answer: Lisinopril, captopril, enalapril, ramipril, benazepril,
fosinopril;
*ACEIs reduce blood pressure by suppressing the release of
angiotensin-converting enzyme.
*Important side effects of ACE inhibitors include cough and
angioedema; discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occurs.
◉ Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents (ARBs):.
Answer: Candesartan (Atacand), eprosartan (Teveten), irbesartan
(Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), telmisartan (Micardis) and valsartan
(Diovan).
ARBs reduce blood pressure by blocking angiotensin II receptors.
, ◉ Cardiovascular-Essential (primary) hypertension.
Answer: Accounts for 90% of cases; secondary hypertension may be
caused by chronic renal failure.
◉ Nitroglycerin.
Answer: nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina; a nitrate drug
that can be administered IV, SL, a topical ointment and as a
transdermal patch
◉ PDE-5 inhibitors.
Answer: -Pulmonary hypertension therapy
-Include sildenafil. Inhibit cGMP PDE5 and prolong vasodilatory
effect of nitric oxide.
◉ cGMP phosphodiesterase.
Answer: an enzyme in cells that converts cGMP into GMP
◉ Amiodarone.
Answer: is the antiarrhythmic of choice when there is coexisting
heart failure; can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity.
◉ Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation.
EVALUATION EXAMS COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
◉ Medication safety organizations.
Answer: The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
The Joint Commission
The National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting
and Prevention (NCCMERP)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
◉ Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs).
Answer: Two basic type of ADRs: pharmacological and idiosyncratic.
85% to 90% of ADRs are pharmacological.
,Adverse drug reactions are usually preventable, frequently occur in
a hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors,
adverse drug effects, allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions.
ADRs are not commonly reported; the FDA does not mandate that
ADRs be reported.
Polypharmacy involves using multiple healthcare providers for care,
using multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for
prescription filling.
◉ Cardiovascular-Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
(ACEIs):.
Answer: Lisinopril, captopril, enalapril, ramipril, benazepril,
fosinopril;
*ACEIs reduce blood pressure by suppressing the release of
angiotensin-converting enzyme.
*Important side effects of ACE inhibitors include cough and
angioedema; discontinue the ACEI if angioedema occurs.
◉ Angiotensin II receptor blocking agents (ARBs):.
Answer: Candesartan (Atacand), eprosartan (Teveten), irbesartan
(Avapro), losartan (Cozaar), telmisartan (Micardis) and valsartan
(Diovan).
ARBs reduce blood pressure by blocking angiotensin II receptors.
, ◉ Cardiovascular-Essential (primary) hypertension.
Answer: Accounts for 90% of cases; secondary hypertension may be
caused by chronic renal failure.
◉ Nitroglycerin.
Answer: nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina; a nitrate drug
that can be administered IV, SL, a topical ointment and as a
transdermal patch
◉ PDE-5 inhibitors.
Answer: -Pulmonary hypertension therapy
-Include sildenafil. Inhibit cGMP PDE5 and prolong vasodilatory
effect of nitric oxide.
◉ cGMP phosphodiesterase.
Answer: an enzyme in cells that converts cGMP into GMP
◉ Amiodarone.
Answer: is the antiarrhythmic of choice when there is coexisting
heart failure; can cause thyroid and pulmonary toxicity.
◉ Alpha-1 adrenergic stimulation.
