NSG 533 Exam 2 Advanced Pharmacology Study Guide 2026 UPDATE
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for Albuterol?
A. Inhibition of leukotriene receptors
B. Stimulation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors
C. Blockade of muscarinic receptors
D. Stabilization of mast cell membranes
Answer: B
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) that relaxes bronchial smooth
muscle by stimulating beta-2 receptors.
2. What is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) that patients should be
counseled to avoid by rinsing their mouth?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Gingival hyperplasia
C. Oropharyngeal candidiasis
D. Dry mouth
Answer: C
,Rationale: Inhaled corticosteroids can suppress local immunity in the mouth, leading to
thrush (candidiasis) if the mouth is not rinsed after use.
3. Which medication is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) used in the maintenance
treatment of COPD?
A. Salmeterol
B. Montelukast
C. Theophylline
D. Tiotropium
Answer: D
Rationale: Tiotropium is a LAMA that provides bronchodilation by blocking acetylcholine
at muscarinic receptors.
4. The FDA issued a black box warning for Montelukast (Singulair) regarding which of the
following?
A. Acute liver failure
B. Serious neuropsychiatric events
C. Increased risk of asthma-related death
D. Severe lactic acidosis
Answer: B
, Rationale: Montelukast carries a boxed warning due to potential serious neuropsychiatric
events including agitation, aggression, and suicidal ideation.
5. What is the therapeutic serum level range for Theophylline?
A. 0.5 - 1.5 ng/mL
B. 50 - 100 mcg/mL
C. 20 - 30 mcg/mL
D. 5 - 15 mcg/mL
Answer: D
Rationale: The traditional therapeutic range for Theophylline is 10-20 mcg/mL, but many
clinicians now target 5-15 mcg/mL to minimize toxicity.
6. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like Omeprazole work by which mechanism?
A. Neutralizing gastric acid already present in the stomach
B. Blocking H2 receptors on parietal cells
C. Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase pump
D. Creating a physical barrier over ulcers
Answer: C
Rationale: PPIs bind irreversibly to the proton pump, preventing the final step of acid
secretion.
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action for Albuterol?
A. Inhibition of leukotriene receptors
B. Stimulation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors
C. Blockade of muscarinic receptors
D. Stabilization of mast cell membranes
Answer: B
Rationale: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) that relaxes bronchial smooth
muscle by stimulating beta-2 receptors.
2. What is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) that patients should be
counseled to avoid by rinsing their mouth?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Gingival hyperplasia
C. Oropharyngeal candidiasis
D. Dry mouth
Answer: C
,Rationale: Inhaled corticosteroids can suppress local immunity in the mouth, leading to
thrush (candidiasis) if the mouth is not rinsed after use.
3. Which medication is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) used in the maintenance
treatment of COPD?
A. Salmeterol
B. Montelukast
C. Theophylline
D. Tiotropium
Answer: D
Rationale: Tiotropium is a LAMA that provides bronchodilation by blocking acetylcholine
at muscarinic receptors.
4. The FDA issued a black box warning for Montelukast (Singulair) regarding which of the
following?
A. Acute liver failure
B. Serious neuropsychiatric events
C. Increased risk of asthma-related death
D. Severe lactic acidosis
Answer: B
, Rationale: Montelukast carries a boxed warning due to potential serious neuropsychiatric
events including agitation, aggression, and suicidal ideation.
5. What is the therapeutic serum level range for Theophylline?
A. 0.5 - 1.5 ng/mL
B. 50 - 100 mcg/mL
C. 20 - 30 mcg/mL
D. 5 - 15 mcg/mL
Answer: D
Rationale: The traditional therapeutic range for Theophylline is 10-20 mcg/mL, but many
clinicians now target 5-15 mcg/mL to minimize toxicity.
6. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) like Omeprazole work by which mechanism?
A. Neutralizing gastric acid already present in the stomach
B. Blocking H2 receptors on parietal cells
C. Irreversibly inhibiting the H+/K+ ATPase pump
D. Creating a physical barrier over ulcers
Answer: C
Rationale: PPIs bind irreversibly to the proton pump, preventing the final step of acid
secretion.
