NSG 530 Exam 1 – Wilkes Advanced Pathophysiology (2026) Comprehensive Study Quiz 2026
UPDATE
1. A patient’s biopsy reveals a decrease in cell size in the leg muscles after being in a cast for
six weeks. This is an example of:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Atrophy
Answer: D
Rationale: Atrophy is the decrease in cellular size caused by aging, disuse, or reduced
blood supply.
2. Which process describes the replacement of one mature cell type by another, less mature
cell type?
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Anaplasia
D. Neoplasia
Answer: B
,Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell by another, often as
an adaptation to chronic irritation.
3. What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Chemical agents
B. Free radicals
C. Genetics
D. Hypoxia
Answer: D
Rationale: Hypoxia, or lack of sufficient oxygen, is the single most common cause of
cellular injury.
4. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with a myocardial infarction?
A. Liquefactive
B. Caseous
C. Fat
D. Coagulative
Answer: D
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis results from protein denaturation and is typically seen in
the heart, kidneys, and adrenal glands.
, 5. Programmed cell death is known as:
A. Autophagy
B. Pyreptosis
C. Necrosis
D. Apoptosis
Answer: D
Rationale: Apoptosis is a distinct type of active, programmed cell death used to eliminate
unwanted or damaged cells.
6. A person with Down Syndrome has three copies of chromosome 21. This condition is
termed:
A. Monosomy
B. Haploidy
C. Trisomy
D. Triploidy
Answer: C
Rationale: Trisomy refers to having three copies of a specific chromosome instead of the
usual pair.
UPDATE
1. A patient’s biopsy reveals a decrease in cell size in the leg muscles after being in a cast for
six weeks. This is an example of:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D. Atrophy
Answer: D
Rationale: Atrophy is the decrease in cellular size caused by aging, disuse, or reduced
blood supply.
2. Which process describes the replacement of one mature cell type by another, less mature
cell type?
A. Dysplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Anaplasia
D. Neoplasia
Answer: B
,Rationale: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell by another, often as
an adaptation to chronic irritation.
3. What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Chemical agents
B. Free radicals
C. Genetics
D. Hypoxia
Answer: D
Rationale: Hypoxia, or lack of sufficient oxygen, is the single most common cause of
cellular injury.
4. Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with a myocardial infarction?
A. Liquefactive
B. Caseous
C. Fat
D. Coagulative
Answer: D
Rationale: Coagulative necrosis results from protein denaturation and is typically seen in
the heart, kidneys, and adrenal glands.
, 5. Programmed cell death is known as:
A. Autophagy
B. Pyreptosis
C. Necrosis
D. Apoptosis
Answer: D
Rationale: Apoptosis is a distinct type of active, programmed cell death used to eliminate
unwanted or damaged cells.
6. A person with Down Syndrome has three copies of chromosome 21. This condition is
termed:
A. Monosomy
B. Haploidy
C. Trisomy
D. Triploidy
Answer: C
Rationale: Trisomy refers to having three copies of a specific chromosome instead of the
usual pair.
