EXST 2201 PUBLIC HEALTH 2026-
2027 STUDY GUIDE PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
HIGHLIGHTED ANSWERS 100% PASS
Define public health:
The science and art of preventing disease, promoting health and well-being and
prolonging life through the organised efforts of society
What methods can be used to address determinants of health?
1) Legislation
2) Local and national social initiatives (↑ literacy, housing improvement)
3) Specific disease prevention programmes (e.g. immunisation)
What are the three domains of public health?
1) Health protection
- Communicable diseases
- Environmental hazards (exposure to toxic chemicals/poison)
2) Health improvement
- Understanding wider determinants of health
- Housing/education/poverty/etc
,- Seeks to improve health via health promotion
3) Improving services
- How quality of health services may be improved through evidence-based
planning
Define health:
"A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity"
Define disability, impairment and handicap:
Disability
Physical problem caused by an illness
Impairment
The function that cannot be carried out because of the disability
Handicap
The impact of the lack of function on the individuals life and daily activities
This is different for different people - e.g. a musician will have a bigger
handicap from losing one finger than someone else
Give examples of general health standardised questionnaires:
,1) Short-form 36 (SF-36)
2) General health questionnaire (GHQ)
3) EQ5D
4) NHP
Define demographic transition:
The change in the birth and death rates as a country develops. This alters the
shape of population pyramids
The demographic transition model describes the changes that occur as a country
moves through stages of development from a population with high fertility and
mortality to one with low fertility and mortality
Define epidemiological transition:
The shift in the burden of mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and
malnutrition characteristic of underdevelopment to non-communicable diseases
characteristic of development
What is life expectancy?
Average length of time that babies born today can expect to live if today's age
and sex-specific mortality rates are applied throughout their lifetime
What is healthy life expectancy?
, Combines measures of morbidity and mortality to give an average length of time
that a person in a specified population can expect to live free of disease
Define Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
Measure that includes the years of potential life lost due to premature mortality
and years of productive life lost due to disability
Define fertility rate:
Number of live births per 1000 women of child-bearing age (15-44)
Define infant mortality rate:
Infant mortality rate (not true rate) = Probability of dying before first birthday
= number of death of liveborn infants/ number of live births x 1000
Can be further divided into:
1) Perinatal mortality (still birth after 28 weeks gestation + deaths in first 7 days
after birth)
2) Neonatal mortality (death <28 days)
What are the main causes of infant mortality in:
1) Developed countries
Congenital conditions and accidents
2027 STUDY GUIDE PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
HIGHLIGHTED ANSWERS 100% PASS
Define public health:
The science and art of preventing disease, promoting health and well-being and
prolonging life through the organised efforts of society
What methods can be used to address determinants of health?
1) Legislation
2) Local and national social initiatives (↑ literacy, housing improvement)
3) Specific disease prevention programmes (e.g. immunisation)
What are the three domains of public health?
1) Health protection
- Communicable diseases
- Environmental hazards (exposure to toxic chemicals/poison)
2) Health improvement
- Understanding wider determinants of health
- Housing/education/poverty/etc
,- Seeks to improve health via health promotion
3) Improving services
- How quality of health services may be improved through evidence-based
planning
Define health:
"A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity"
Define disability, impairment and handicap:
Disability
Physical problem caused by an illness
Impairment
The function that cannot be carried out because of the disability
Handicap
The impact of the lack of function on the individuals life and daily activities
This is different for different people - e.g. a musician will have a bigger
handicap from losing one finger than someone else
Give examples of general health standardised questionnaires:
,1) Short-form 36 (SF-36)
2) General health questionnaire (GHQ)
3) EQ5D
4) NHP
Define demographic transition:
The change in the birth and death rates as a country develops. This alters the
shape of population pyramids
The demographic transition model describes the changes that occur as a country
moves through stages of development from a population with high fertility and
mortality to one with low fertility and mortality
Define epidemiological transition:
The shift in the burden of mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and
malnutrition characteristic of underdevelopment to non-communicable diseases
characteristic of development
What is life expectancy?
Average length of time that babies born today can expect to live if today's age
and sex-specific mortality rates are applied throughout their lifetime
What is healthy life expectancy?
, Combines measures of morbidity and mortality to give an average length of time
that a person in a specified population can expect to live free of disease
Define Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
Measure that includes the years of potential life lost due to premature mortality
and years of productive life lost due to disability
Define fertility rate:
Number of live births per 1000 women of child-bearing age (15-44)
Define infant mortality rate:
Infant mortality rate (not true rate) = Probability of dying before first birthday
= number of death of liveborn infants/ number of live births x 1000
Can be further divided into:
1) Perinatal mortality (still birth after 28 weeks gestation + deaths in first 7 days
after birth)
2) Neonatal mortality (death <28 days)
What are the main causes of infant mortality in:
1) Developed countries
Congenital conditions and accidents
