ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM ACTUAL TEST PAPER QUESTIONS CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
Question:
Role of Golgi body.
Answer:
stacked membranes that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps move things
in and out of cell.
Question:
Where is extracellular fluid found?
Answer:
outside the cell
Question:
Where is ECF located in the body?
Answer:
found in the plasma, lymph, CSF, eye humors, synovial fluid, and the GI secretions.
Question:
Where is intracellular fluid located?
Answer:
inside the cell
Question:
,Where is intracellular fluid found in the body?
Answer:
found inside of cells, cytosol.
Question:
Which electrolytes are found at high concentrations in the ECF?
Answer:
sodium, chloride and sodium bicarb.
Question:
Which electrolytes are found at high concentrations in the ICF.
Answer:
potassium, magnesium and hydrogen phosphate, and low concentration of sodium and chloride.
Question:
What is passive transport?
Answer:
substances move from a high to low concentration, without energy. Natural
Question:
What is active transport?
Answer:
substances move against their concentration gradient with the help of ATP. Low to High.
Question:
What is diffusion?
,Answer:
molecules and ions distributing evenly in the environment. Passive transport used. Goes from high
to low concentration and higher the concentration, the faster the spread.
Question:
What is osmosis?
Answer:
allows for fluids to distribute in between the interstitial spaces and intracellular compartments.
Water goes low to high. High: high solute concentration to low water concentration Low: low solute
concentration to high water concentration
Question:
Examples of ways fluid enters the body (Intake).
Answer:
Food, Drink, IV access.
Question:
Examples of ways fluid exits the body (output).
Answer:
Sweat, Urine, stool, water vapor from lungs, wound drainages, NG secretions.
Question:
What is dehydration?
Answer:
when water output exceeds intake over time. Water from ECF is lost, causing cells to shrink as
concentration increases.
Question:
, What are the causes of dehydration?
Answer:
hemorrhage, severe burns, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, water deprivation, diuretic abuse, DM.
Question:
What are the signs and symptoms one may have dehydration?
Answer:
dry mouth, extreme thirst, dry skin, decreased urine output, weight loss, mental confusion,
hypovolemic shock.
Question:
What is hypotonic hydration?
Answer:
Over hydration or water intoxication. When too much water is taken in too fast or the kidneys
cannot rid the fluid fast enough (renal failure). Concentration of water in ECF increases, while
osmolarity decreases, causing cells to swell.
Question:
What things can cause hypertonic hydration?
Answer:
Too much fluids through IV, renal failure, drinking too much water too fast. ` (Hyponatremia).
Question:
What are the signs and symptoms of hypotonic hydration?
Answer:
leads to Nausea and Vomiting, muscles cramping, cerebral edema (brain cells can swell and burst),
convulsions, coma and death.
ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
Question:
Role of Golgi body.
Answer:
stacked membranes that act as the sorter and packager for proteins from the ER. Helps move things
in and out of cell.
Question:
Where is extracellular fluid found?
Answer:
outside the cell
Question:
Where is ECF located in the body?
Answer:
found in the plasma, lymph, CSF, eye humors, synovial fluid, and the GI secretions.
Question:
Where is intracellular fluid located?
Answer:
inside the cell
Question:
,Where is intracellular fluid found in the body?
Answer:
found inside of cells, cytosol.
Question:
Which electrolytes are found at high concentrations in the ECF?
Answer:
sodium, chloride and sodium bicarb.
Question:
Which electrolytes are found at high concentrations in the ICF.
Answer:
potassium, magnesium and hydrogen phosphate, and low concentration of sodium and chloride.
Question:
What is passive transport?
Answer:
substances move from a high to low concentration, without energy. Natural
Question:
What is active transport?
Answer:
substances move against their concentration gradient with the help of ATP. Low to High.
Question:
What is diffusion?
,Answer:
molecules and ions distributing evenly in the environment. Passive transport used. Goes from high
to low concentration and higher the concentration, the faster the spread.
Question:
What is osmosis?
Answer:
allows for fluids to distribute in between the interstitial spaces and intracellular compartments.
Water goes low to high. High: high solute concentration to low water concentration Low: low solute
concentration to high water concentration
Question:
Examples of ways fluid enters the body (Intake).
Answer:
Food, Drink, IV access.
Question:
Examples of ways fluid exits the body (output).
Answer:
Sweat, Urine, stool, water vapor from lungs, wound drainages, NG secretions.
Question:
What is dehydration?
Answer:
when water output exceeds intake over time. Water from ECF is lost, causing cells to shrink as
concentration increases.
Question:
, What are the causes of dehydration?
Answer:
hemorrhage, severe burns, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, water deprivation, diuretic abuse, DM.
Question:
What are the signs and symptoms one may have dehydration?
Answer:
dry mouth, extreme thirst, dry skin, decreased urine output, weight loss, mental confusion,
hypovolemic shock.
Question:
What is hypotonic hydration?
Answer:
Over hydration or water intoxication. When too much water is taken in too fast or the kidneys
cannot rid the fluid fast enough (renal failure). Concentration of water in ECF increases, while
osmolarity decreases, causing cells to swell.
Question:
What things can cause hypertonic hydration?
Answer:
Too much fluids through IV, renal failure, drinking too much water too fast. ` (Hyponatremia).
Question:
What are the signs and symptoms of hypotonic hydration?
Answer:
leads to Nausea and Vomiting, muscles cramping, cerebral edema (brain cells can swell and burst),
convulsions, coma and death.
