ESS 101 B EXAM 2 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION TESTED QUESTIONS FULL SOLUTION
GUIDE
Question:
Why are lahars so dangerous?
Answer:
They can be triggered by many things and can travel rapidly.
Question:
Should a lahar occur on Mt. Rainier, local inhabitants will have:
Answer:
About 15 minutes to two hours to evacuate.
Question:
One prominent justification for originally declaring Yellowstone a national park was its:
Answer:
abundant and varied hydro-thermal features.
Question:
At Yellowstone, which threat is most likely to occur with no detectable warning?
Answer:
Phreatic explosions
Question:
If an area is built upon former lahar flows, then the danger of future lahars is
,Answer:
primarily dependent upon the age of the source
Question:
Hawaiian lava tubes:
Answer:
are a treacherous source of hidden danger
Question:
What is a kipuka?
Answer:
A surficial area lacking recent lava flow features.
Question:
Potential volcanic activity is assessed by:
Answer:
ground deformation, gas emission and earthquakes
Question:
What is the most effective way to survive a lahar?
Answer:
Get to high ground
Question:
Which of the following does not contribute to instability and collapse of stratovolcanoes such as Mt.
Rainier?
Answer:
,thick, heavy lava flow layers
Question:
The threat from lahars on Mt. Rainier is made worse by what fact?
Answer:
The mountain has more glacial ice than other Cascade volcanoes.
Question:
Compared to the modern High Cascades, subduction-zone volcanism during the period of the West
Cascades was?
Answer:
More extensive and of greater volume.
Question:
What type of advanced warning will a HOT debris avalanche most likely provide?
Answer:
An INCREASE in shallow earthquakes.
Question:
What type of advanced warning will a COLD debris avalanche most likely provide?
Answer:
A DECREASE in shallow earthquakes.
Question:
Are lahar warning systems installed around Mt. Rainier? What is their effectiveness?
Answer:
Yes and they have a poor record of effectiveness.
, Question:
Over the last 5600 years, has Mt. Rainier lost or gained any size?
Answer:
It has lost its size much more than gains.
Question:
What is the one prominent justification for declaring Yellowstone a national park?
Answer:
Its abundant and varied hydro-thermal features.
Question:
Yellowstone's mantle plume produces mafic magma. How does mafic magma rise through the
crust?
Answer:
Mafic magma ascends with difficulty through the continental crust because of ongoing convection
and cooling.
Question:
Does basalt erupt in Yellowstone?
Answer:
Yes, only in certain parts of the region
Question:
During a typical Yellowstone caldera-forming ring eruption, how does the cap above the magma
chamber change?
Answer:
It sinks into the ground.
GUIDE
Question:
Why are lahars so dangerous?
Answer:
They can be triggered by many things and can travel rapidly.
Question:
Should a lahar occur on Mt. Rainier, local inhabitants will have:
Answer:
About 15 minutes to two hours to evacuate.
Question:
One prominent justification for originally declaring Yellowstone a national park was its:
Answer:
abundant and varied hydro-thermal features.
Question:
At Yellowstone, which threat is most likely to occur with no detectable warning?
Answer:
Phreatic explosions
Question:
If an area is built upon former lahar flows, then the danger of future lahars is
,Answer:
primarily dependent upon the age of the source
Question:
Hawaiian lava tubes:
Answer:
are a treacherous source of hidden danger
Question:
What is a kipuka?
Answer:
A surficial area lacking recent lava flow features.
Question:
Potential volcanic activity is assessed by:
Answer:
ground deformation, gas emission and earthquakes
Question:
What is the most effective way to survive a lahar?
Answer:
Get to high ground
Question:
Which of the following does not contribute to instability and collapse of stratovolcanoes such as Mt.
Rainier?
Answer:
,thick, heavy lava flow layers
Question:
The threat from lahars on Mt. Rainier is made worse by what fact?
Answer:
The mountain has more glacial ice than other Cascade volcanoes.
Question:
Compared to the modern High Cascades, subduction-zone volcanism during the period of the West
Cascades was?
Answer:
More extensive and of greater volume.
Question:
What type of advanced warning will a HOT debris avalanche most likely provide?
Answer:
An INCREASE in shallow earthquakes.
Question:
What type of advanced warning will a COLD debris avalanche most likely provide?
Answer:
A DECREASE in shallow earthquakes.
Question:
Are lahar warning systems installed around Mt. Rainier? What is their effectiveness?
Answer:
Yes and they have a poor record of effectiveness.
, Question:
Over the last 5600 years, has Mt. Rainier lost or gained any size?
Answer:
It has lost its size much more than gains.
Question:
What is the one prominent justification for declaring Yellowstone a national park?
Answer:
Its abundant and varied hydro-thermal features.
Question:
Yellowstone's mantle plume produces mafic magma. How does mafic magma rise through the
crust?
Answer:
Mafic magma ascends with difficulty through the continental crust because of ongoing convection
and cooling.
Question:
Does basalt erupt in Yellowstone?
Answer:
Yes, only in certain parts of the region
Question:
During a typical Yellowstone caldera-forming ring eruption, how does the cap above the magma
chamber change?
Answer:
It sinks into the ground.
