N221 Test 1 Study Guide With
Complete Solutions
What are a nurse's responsibilities in drug administration? - ANSWER knowledge
(correct drug, dose, and administration technique), assessment (pre, intra, post
medication administration), promote therapeutic effects, minimize adverse effects,
minimize adverse interaction, make as-needed decisions, evaluate medication
responses from patients, manage toxicity, patient education
Define drug. - ANSWER chemicals that are introduced into the body to cause some sort
of change; any chemical that affects the physiology of a living organism
What are the characteristics of an ideal drug? - ANSWER safe, effective, selective,
reversible action, predictability, easy administration, low cost, chemically stable, simple
generic name
What are the general positive drug effects? - ANSWER prevent, diagnose, treat,
antidote
What are the general negative drug effects? - ANSWER tetratogenic (harms fetus),
mutagenic, carcinogenic, drug/food interaction
What are possible sources of ingredients for drugs? - ANSWER plants, inorganic
compounds, animals, genetic engineering (synthetic)
What are some examples of drugs derived from plants/flowers? - ANSWER nicotine,
morphine, atropine, capsaicin, cocaine, codeine, digoxin, quinine
What are some examples of drugs derived from animals? - ANSWER heparin (pig, ox
liver), insulin (pig, ox pancreas), penicillin (fungus), thyroxin (pig, ox thyroid gland)
What are some examples of drug elements derived from inorganic salts? - ANSWER
magnesium, sodium chloride, calcium, potassium, iron salt, lithium, iodine
What are some examples of drugs derived from synthetic preparation> - ANSWER
ampicillin, salicylates, amoxicillin, doxycycline
,What are sources of written drug information? - ANSWER text books, drug labels,
package inserts, drug reference books, recognized internet sites (WHO, CDC, FDA,
TJC, ISMP, standalone drug companies)
What are the three names every drug has? - ANSWER chemical structure, trade/brand
name, generic name
What are the different types of availability of drugs to consumers? - ANSWER Rx, OTC,
SIR
Describe FDA involvement in Rx drugs vs OTC drugs. - ANSWER the FDA is involved
in every step of Rx development, whereas it just provides guidelines for OTC drugs and
randomly checks whether the guidelines are being followed
What are the determining criteria for OTC drug status? - ANSWER safety profile,
practical use, indication for use
What are the advantages of OTC drugs? - ANSWER convenient, effective for minor
illness, possible cost savings
What are the disadvantages of OTC drugs? - ANSWER may delay treatment for serious
illness, potential misuse/abuse, limited insurance coverage, potential interaction,
adverse event, or toxicity
What are the OTC safety/effectiveness requirements? - ANSWER drug info, active
ingredient/purpose, use, warnings, directions, other information (precautions, storage),
inactive ingredient, manufacturer, contact
What are the general uses of herbal/dietary supplements? - ANSWER therapeutic care,
prophylactic care, nutrition, proactive care
What are sources of herbal/dietary supplements? - ANSWER bark, berries, roots,
leaves, gums, seeds, stems, flowers
What are common available forms of herbal supplements? - ANSWER teas, syrup, oils,
extract, tincture, pills/capsules
What are possible herbal supplement food interactions? - ANSWER chamomile:
anticoagulation drugs
cranberry: drug excretion from kidney
echinacea: antiviral and immunosuppressants
garlic: diabetic and anticoag drugs
ginger: cardiac, diabetes, and anticoag drugs
gingko: bleeding risk
grapefruit: metabolism of drugs
, What is the definition of street/illicit/recreational (SIR) drugs? - ANSWER non
prescription drugs with no known therapeutic use, used to enhance mood or increase
pleasure
What are some examples of SIR drugs? - ANSWER amphetamine, cocaine, heroin,
cannabis, anabolic steroids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, fentanyl, morphine,
oxycontin
What are the health effects of SIR drugs? - ANSWER stimulant, depressant, analgesic,
hallucinogen, amnesiac
Define pharmacology. - ANSWER the study of biological effects of chemicals; the study
of or science of drugs
What is clinical pharmacology? - ANSWER how we use drugs to treat and diagnose;
"application of concepts and principles of pharmacology to properly evaluate and
manage drug therapy for patients in clinical settings"
What is pharmacotherapeutics? - ANSWER use of drugs to prevent and treat
What is pharmaceutics? - ANSWER studies the best way to provide the drug
What is a pharmacy? - ANSWER a place where drugs are kept
What is pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER study of how the drug moves through the body,
"what our body does to the drug"
What is pharmacodynamics? - ANSWER how the drug impacts the cells once it has
reached them, "what the drug does to our body"
What is toxicology? - ANSWER studies what happens when we take too much of a drug
What are pharmacoeconomics? - ANSWER money behind drugs
What are the types of drug therapies? - ANSWER acute, loading dose,
maintenance/treatment, supplement, palliative, supportive, prophylactic, empiric
What is an acute drug therapy? - ANSWER critical condition, life sustaining
What is a loading dose? - ANSWER higher than usual dose to create critical
concentration sooner
What is a maintenance/treatment drug therapy? - ANSWER used for chronic conditions,
prevents progression/occurrence (ex: thyroid meds or antidepressants)
Complete Solutions
What are a nurse's responsibilities in drug administration? - ANSWER knowledge
(correct drug, dose, and administration technique), assessment (pre, intra, post
medication administration), promote therapeutic effects, minimize adverse effects,
minimize adverse interaction, make as-needed decisions, evaluate medication
responses from patients, manage toxicity, patient education
Define drug. - ANSWER chemicals that are introduced into the body to cause some sort
of change; any chemical that affects the physiology of a living organism
What are the characteristics of an ideal drug? - ANSWER safe, effective, selective,
reversible action, predictability, easy administration, low cost, chemically stable, simple
generic name
What are the general positive drug effects? - ANSWER prevent, diagnose, treat,
antidote
What are the general negative drug effects? - ANSWER tetratogenic (harms fetus),
mutagenic, carcinogenic, drug/food interaction
What are possible sources of ingredients for drugs? - ANSWER plants, inorganic
compounds, animals, genetic engineering (synthetic)
What are some examples of drugs derived from plants/flowers? - ANSWER nicotine,
morphine, atropine, capsaicin, cocaine, codeine, digoxin, quinine
What are some examples of drugs derived from animals? - ANSWER heparin (pig, ox
liver), insulin (pig, ox pancreas), penicillin (fungus), thyroxin (pig, ox thyroid gland)
What are some examples of drug elements derived from inorganic salts? - ANSWER
magnesium, sodium chloride, calcium, potassium, iron salt, lithium, iodine
What are some examples of drugs derived from synthetic preparation> - ANSWER
ampicillin, salicylates, amoxicillin, doxycycline
,What are sources of written drug information? - ANSWER text books, drug labels,
package inserts, drug reference books, recognized internet sites (WHO, CDC, FDA,
TJC, ISMP, standalone drug companies)
What are the three names every drug has? - ANSWER chemical structure, trade/brand
name, generic name
What are the different types of availability of drugs to consumers? - ANSWER Rx, OTC,
SIR
Describe FDA involvement in Rx drugs vs OTC drugs. - ANSWER the FDA is involved
in every step of Rx development, whereas it just provides guidelines for OTC drugs and
randomly checks whether the guidelines are being followed
What are the determining criteria for OTC drug status? - ANSWER safety profile,
practical use, indication for use
What are the advantages of OTC drugs? - ANSWER convenient, effective for minor
illness, possible cost savings
What are the disadvantages of OTC drugs? - ANSWER may delay treatment for serious
illness, potential misuse/abuse, limited insurance coverage, potential interaction,
adverse event, or toxicity
What are the OTC safety/effectiveness requirements? - ANSWER drug info, active
ingredient/purpose, use, warnings, directions, other information (precautions, storage),
inactive ingredient, manufacturer, contact
What are the general uses of herbal/dietary supplements? - ANSWER therapeutic care,
prophylactic care, nutrition, proactive care
What are sources of herbal/dietary supplements? - ANSWER bark, berries, roots,
leaves, gums, seeds, stems, flowers
What are common available forms of herbal supplements? - ANSWER teas, syrup, oils,
extract, tincture, pills/capsules
What are possible herbal supplement food interactions? - ANSWER chamomile:
anticoagulation drugs
cranberry: drug excretion from kidney
echinacea: antiviral and immunosuppressants
garlic: diabetic and anticoag drugs
ginger: cardiac, diabetes, and anticoag drugs
gingko: bleeding risk
grapefruit: metabolism of drugs
, What is the definition of street/illicit/recreational (SIR) drugs? - ANSWER non
prescription drugs with no known therapeutic use, used to enhance mood or increase
pleasure
What are some examples of SIR drugs? - ANSWER amphetamine, cocaine, heroin,
cannabis, anabolic steroids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, fentanyl, morphine,
oxycontin
What are the health effects of SIR drugs? - ANSWER stimulant, depressant, analgesic,
hallucinogen, amnesiac
Define pharmacology. - ANSWER the study of biological effects of chemicals; the study
of or science of drugs
What is clinical pharmacology? - ANSWER how we use drugs to treat and diagnose;
"application of concepts and principles of pharmacology to properly evaluate and
manage drug therapy for patients in clinical settings"
What is pharmacotherapeutics? - ANSWER use of drugs to prevent and treat
What is pharmaceutics? - ANSWER studies the best way to provide the drug
What is a pharmacy? - ANSWER a place where drugs are kept
What is pharmacokinetics? - ANSWER study of how the drug moves through the body,
"what our body does to the drug"
What is pharmacodynamics? - ANSWER how the drug impacts the cells once it has
reached them, "what the drug does to our body"
What is toxicology? - ANSWER studies what happens when we take too much of a drug
What are pharmacoeconomics? - ANSWER money behind drugs
What are the types of drug therapies? - ANSWER acute, loading dose,
maintenance/treatment, supplement, palliative, supportive, prophylactic, empiric
What is an acute drug therapy? - ANSWER critical condition, life sustaining
What is a loading dose? - ANSWER higher than usual dose to create critical
concentration sooner
What is a maintenance/treatment drug therapy? - ANSWER used for chronic conditions,
prevents progression/occurrence (ex: thyroid meds or antidepressants)
