RNC-NIC Questions Chapter 14 Pathophysiology - Cardiovascular
Disorder with all Correct & 100% Verified Answers |Already Graded A+
1. A large ventricular septal defect
A. Large ventral septal defects are not
(VSD) may not be immediately
symptomatic at birth because the pulmonary
evident at birth due to:
vascular resistance is normally elevated at this
A. elevated pulmonary vascular
time. As the pulmonary vas-cular resistance
resis-tance.
decreases over the first 6-8 weeks of life, the
B. patency of the ductus
amount of shunted blood increases and
venosus.
symptoms may develop. The ductus venosus
C. patent ductus arteriosus
con-verts to a ligament with removal of the
that pre-vents flow through
placental circuit at birth. A patent ductus
the VSD.
arteriosus is the con-nection between the
D. decreased pulmonary
pulmonary artery and the aorta in utero rather
vascular re-sistance.
than the ventricles.
2. In an infant with tetralogy of
C. The presence of an obstruction to right
Fallot, the severity of symptoms
ventricular (RV) outflow with a large ventral
will be most affected by which
septal defect caus-es a right-to-left shunt at the
of the following?
ventricular level with arterial desaturation. The
A. Degree of pulmonary edema
greater the obstruction and the lower the
B. Size of the ventricular septal
systemic vascular resistance, the greater the
de-fect right-to-left shunt. Thus the clinical find-ings
C. Degree of right ventricular vary with the degrees of RV outflow obstruction.
outflow obstruction Patients with mild obstruction are minimally
cyanotic
D.Size of the patent ductus arteriosus or acyanotic. Those with severe
obstruction are most
likely to be deeply cyanotic from birth. Few
children are asymptomatic. In those with
significant RV out-flow obstruction, many
have cyanosis at birth and nearly all have
cyanosis by age 4 months. A patent ductus is
the connection between the pulmonary
artery and aorta in utero and does not
, RNC-NIC Questions Chapter 14 Pathophysiology - Cardiovascular
Disorder with all Correct & 100% Verified Answers |Already Graded A+
involve the cardiac septum. Pulmonary
edema is a common oc-currence in infants
with congestive heart failure.
3. A 500g infant with a patent A. Indomethacin is an inhibitor of
duc-tus arteriosus is being prostaglandin syn-thesis. Most notably, it
treated with indomethacin. decreases blood flow to the renal system,
When formulating a thus decreasing renal perfusion and
, RNC-NIC Questions Chapter 14 Pathophysiology - Cardiovascular
Disorder with all Correct & 100% Verified Answers |Already Graded A+
plan of care, the nurse should urinary output. If oliguria occurs, electrolytes
mon-itor which of the should be monitored and renally excreted
following parame-ters? drugs should be adjusted appropriately.
A. Urinary output Gastrointestinal perfu-sion may also be
B. Blood pressure and pulses decreased, but generally not to the extent of
C. Liver enzymes and bilirubin renal function.
levels
D. Activity level and state of
arousal
D. In transposition of the great vessels, the
4. An infant presents with cyanosis
degree of cyanosis depends on the amount
at birth and is later diagnosed
of mixing be-tween the pulmonary and
with transposition of the great
systemic circulations. Oxy-genated pulmonary
vessels per echocardiography.
venous blood is returned to the lungs and
The nurse recog-nizes that the
desaturated systemic blood is returned to the
degree of cyanosis de-pends on
body. Thus the two circulations exist in parallel.
which of the following fac-tors?
Some mixing between them must occur to
A. Volume of cardiac output allow oxygenated blood to reach the
B. Amount of obstruction to systemic circulation and the desaturated
the pul-monary circuit blood to reach the lungs. Pul-monary edema,
C. Quantity of pulmonary cardiac output, and obstruction to the
edema
pulmonary circuit do not attect the degree of
D. Volume of mixing between
cyanosis and/or mixing of the pulmonary and
pul-monary and systemic
sys-temic circulations.
circulations
A. When an infant has a restrictive atrial
5. A balloon septostomy is done
septal de-fect (ASD), a balloon atrial
for an infant with transposition
septostomy, a technique
of the great
vessels to achieve which of the follow- developed by William Rashkind in 1966,
may be
ing? systemic mixing at the
A. Increase pulmonary and atrial level
, RNC-NIC Questions Chapter 14 Pathophysiology - Cardiovascular
Disorder with all Correct & 100% Verified Answers |Already Graded A+
B. Increase cardiac output by performed.
creating a ventricular septal The procedure involves inserting a balloon-
defect tipped catheter across the foramen ovale into
C. Decrease pulmonary and the left atri-um. The balloon is then inflated
systemic mixing at the and forcibly with-drawn so that the catheter
ventricular level tears the septum primum and enlarges the
ASD. Mixing should increase im-mediately,
with a corresponding increase in arterial
Disorder with all Correct & 100% Verified Answers |Already Graded A+
1. A large ventricular septal defect
A. Large ventral septal defects are not
(VSD) may not be immediately
symptomatic at birth because the pulmonary
evident at birth due to:
vascular resistance is normally elevated at this
A. elevated pulmonary vascular
time. As the pulmonary vas-cular resistance
resis-tance.
decreases over the first 6-8 weeks of life, the
B. patency of the ductus
amount of shunted blood increases and
venosus.
symptoms may develop. The ductus venosus
C. patent ductus arteriosus
con-verts to a ligament with removal of the
that pre-vents flow through
placental circuit at birth. A patent ductus
the VSD.
arteriosus is the con-nection between the
D. decreased pulmonary
pulmonary artery and the aorta in utero rather
vascular re-sistance.
than the ventricles.
2. In an infant with tetralogy of
C. The presence of an obstruction to right
Fallot, the severity of symptoms
ventricular (RV) outflow with a large ventral
will be most affected by which
septal defect caus-es a right-to-left shunt at the
of the following?
ventricular level with arterial desaturation. The
A. Degree of pulmonary edema
greater the obstruction and the lower the
B. Size of the ventricular septal
systemic vascular resistance, the greater the
de-fect right-to-left shunt. Thus the clinical find-ings
C. Degree of right ventricular vary with the degrees of RV outflow obstruction.
outflow obstruction Patients with mild obstruction are minimally
cyanotic
D.Size of the patent ductus arteriosus or acyanotic. Those with severe
obstruction are most
likely to be deeply cyanotic from birth. Few
children are asymptomatic. In those with
significant RV out-flow obstruction, many
have cyanosis at birth and nearly all have
cyanosis by age 4 months. A patent ductus is
the connection between the pulmonary
artery and aorta in utero and does not
, RNC-NIC Questions Chapter 14 Pathophysiology - Cardiovascular
Disorder with all Correct & 100% Verified Answers |Already Graded A+
involve the cardiac septum. Pulmonary
edema is a common oc-currence in infants
with congestive heart failure.
3. A 500g infant with a patent A. Indomethacin is an inhibitor of
duc-tus arteriosus is being prostaglandin syn-thesis. Most notably, it
treated with indomethacin. decreases blood flow to the renal system,
When formulating a thus decreasing renal perfusion and
, RNC-NIC Questions Chapter 14 Pathophysiology - Cardiovascular
Disorder with all Correct & 100% Verified Answers |Already Graded A+
plan of care, the nurse should urinary output. If oliguria occurs, electrolytes
mon-itor which of the should be monitored and renally excreted
following parame-ters? drugs should be adjusted appropriately.
A. Urinary output Gastrointestinal perfu-sion may also be
B. Blood pressure and pulses decreased, but generally not to the extent of
C. Liver enzymes and bilirubin renal function.
levels
D. Activity level and state of
arousal
D. In transposition of the great vessels, the
4. An infant presents with cyanosis
degree of cyanosis depends on the amount
at birth and is later diagnosed
of mixing be-tween the pulmonary and
with transposition of the great
systemic circulations. Oxy-genated pulmonary
vessels per echocardiography.
venous blood is returned to the lungs and
The nurse recog-nizes that the
desaturated systemic blood is returned to the
degree of cyanosis de-pends on
body. Thus the two circulations exist in parallel.
which of the following fac-tors?
Some mixing between them must occur to
A. Volume of cardiac output allow oxygenated blood to reach the
B. Amount of obstruction to systemic circulation and the desaturated
the pul-monary circuit blood to reach the lungs. Pul-monary edema,
C. Quantity of pulmonary cardiac output, and obstruction to the
edema
pulmonary circuit do not attect the degree of
D. Volume of mixing between
cyanosis and/or mixing of the pulmonary and
pul-monary and systemic
sys-temic circulations.
circulations
A. When an infant has a restrictive atrial
5. A balloon septostomy is done
septal de-fect (ASD), a balloon atrial
for an infant with transposition
septostomy, a technique
of the great
vessels to achieve which of the follow- developed by William Rashkind in 1966,
may be
ing? systemic mixing at the
A. Increase pulmonary and atrial level
, RNC-NIC Questions Chapter 14 Pathophysiology - Cardiovascular
Disorder with all Correct & 100% Verified Answers |Already Graded A+
B. Increase cardiac output by performed.
creating a ventricular septal The procedure involves inserting a balloon-
defect tipped catheter across the foramen ovale into
C. Decrease pulmonary and the left atri-um. The balloon is then inflated
systemic mixing at the and forcibly with-drawn so that the catheter
ventricular level tears the septum primum and enlarges the
ASD. Mixing should increase im-mediately,
with a corresponding increase in arterial
