POLI 2051 Hogan Exam 1 Question and Answer
[2026] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam | Detailed
Solutions
• Free speech and a free press are essential to which principle of traditional
democratic theory?
Select one:
a. inclusion
b. effective participation
c. enlightened understanding
d. equality in voting -✓✓ c. enlightened understanding
• The U.S. preference for __________ economic policies helps to explain why we
have a smaller and more limited government than do most other advanced
industrialized countries.
Select one:
a. laissez-faire
b. populist
c. pluralist
d. egalitarian -✓✓ a. laissez-faire
• The ways in which people get involved in politics make up their political
__________.
Select one:
a. ideals
b. participation
c. party
,d. opinions -✓✓ b. participation
• What best describes a linkage institution?
Select one:
a. a location to express a political opinion
b. the formation of a special interest group
c. an environment where one learns about the political process
d. a channel through which people's concerns become part of the political agenda -
✓✓ d. a channel through which people's concerns become part of the political
agenda
• What condition occurs when interests conflict and no coalition is strong enough
to form a majority and establish policy, yet each may be strong enough to thwart
the will of the others?
Select one:
a. divided government
b. hyperpluralism
c. policy gridlock
d. separation of powers -✓✓ c. policy gridlock
• What determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policies
these leaders pursue?
Select one:
a. the media
b. public opinion
c. politics
d. public policy -✓✓ c. politics
,• What kind of public policy involves the legislative enactment of taxes and
expenditures?
Select one:
a. budgetary choice
b. regulation
c. court decision
d. presidential action -✓✓ a. budgetary choice
• What makes up the government's policy agenda?
Select one:
a. all of the issues that candidates talk about on the campaign trail
b. the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other political
actors
c. the issues that are asked about on public opinion polls
d. the issues that concern single-issue interest groups -✓✓ b. the issues that attract
the serious attention of public officials and other political actors
• What most closely exemplifies equality in voting?
Select one:
a. adequate and equal resources for expressing preferences
b. freedom of speech and of the press
c. one person, one vote
d. universal citizenship -✓✓ c. one person, one vote
, • Which theory argues that special interest groups have essentially become
sovereign, and the government is merely their servant?
Select one:
a. pluralism
b. hyperpluralism
c. balance of power
d. bureaucratism -✓✓ b. hyperpluralism
• Who is at the center of all theories of elitism?
Select one:
a. big business
b. Congress
c. ordinary citizens
d. interest groups -✓✓ a. big business
• In Federalist 10, who wrote, "The most common and durable source of factions
has been the various and unequal distribution of property"?
Select one:
a. Alexander Hamilton
b. Thomas Jefferson
c. John Jay
d. James Madison -✓✓ d. James Madison
• John Locke's belief that government derives its authority from the people
influenced the Declaration of Independence, which says, "Governments are
instituted among men, deriving their just powers from _______________.
[2026] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam | Detailed
Solutions
• Free speech and a free press are essential to which principle of traditional
democratic theory?
Select one:
a. inclusion
b. effective participation
c. enlightened understanding
d. equality in voting -✓✓ c. enlightened understanding
• The U.S. preference for __________ economic policies helps to explain why we
have a smaller and more limited government than do most other advanced
industrialized countries.
Select one:
a. laissez-faire
b. populist
c. pluralist
d. egalitarian -✓✓ a. laissez-faire
• The ways in which people get involved in politics make up their political
__________.
Select one:
a. ideals
b. participation
c. party
,d. opinions -✓✓ b. participation
• What best describes a linkage institution?
Select one:
a. a location to express a political opinion
b. the formation of a special interest group
c. an environment where one learns about the political process
d. a channel through which people's concerns become part of the political agenda -
✓✓ d. a channel through which people's concerns become part of the political
agenda
• What condition occurs when interests conflict and no coalition is strong enough
to form a majority and establish policy, yet each may be strong enough to thwart
the will of the others?
Select one:
a. divided government
b. hyperpluralism
c. policy gridlock
d. separation of powers -✓✓ c. policy gridlock
• What determines whom we select as our governmental leaders and what policies
these leaders pursue?
Select one:
a. the media
b. public opinion
c. politics
d. public policy -✓✓ c. politics
,• What kind of public policy involves the legislative enactment of taxes and
expenditures?
Select one:
a. budgetary choice
b. regulation
c. court decision
d. presidential action -✓✓ a. budgetary choice
• What makes up the government's policy agenda?
Select one:
a. all of the issues that candidates talk about on the campaign trail
b. the issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other political
actors
c. the issues that are asked about on public opinion polls
d. the issues that concern single-issue interest groups -✓✓ b. the issues that attract
the serious attention of public officials and other political actors
• What most closely exemplifies equality in voting?
Select one:
a. adequate and equal resources for expressing preferences
b. freedom of speech and of the press
c. one person, one vote
d. universal citizenship -✓✓ c. one person, one vote
, • Which theory argues that special interest groups have essentially become
sovereign, and the government is merely their servant?
Select one:
a. pluralism
b. hyperpluralism
c. balance of power
d. bureaucratism -✓✓ b. hyperpluralism
• Who is at the center of all theories of elitism?
Select one:
a. big business
b. Congress
c. ordinary citizens
d. interest groups -✓✓ a. big business
• In Federalist 10, who wrote, "The most common and durable source of factions
has been the various and unequal distribution of property"?
Select one:
a. Alexander Hamilton
b. Thomas Jefferson
c. John Jay
d. James Madison -✓✓ d. James Madison
• John Locke's belief that government derives its authority from the people
influenced the Declaration of Independence, which says, "Governments are
instituted among men, deriving their just powers from _______________.
