POLI 2051 Hogan Exam 2 Question and Answer
[2026] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam | Detailed
Solutions
• How does lower voter turnout among young citizens affect the composition of those
who show up at the polls? -✓✓ Conservatives are overrepresented at the polls.
• How does the textbook define political participation? -✓✓ all the activities used by
citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue
• If the poor participated at higher levels in the political process, what might happen? -
✓✓ government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the
political agenda
• In a random sample of 1,000 high school students, 29 percent indicated that they had
read the Declaration of Independence at least once, with a sampling error of 4 percent.
Which of the following statements is true? -✓✓ It is likely that between 25 and 33
percent of the population have read the Declaration of Independence.
• Of the following, which is a form of political participation? -✓✓ calling your
representative to express your opinion about upcoming legislation
• What is the effect of aging on political participation? -✓✓ Aging increases political
participation until the infirmities of old age make it harder to participate.
• When do blacks participate more in politics than whites? -✓✓ when their levels of
education are equal to those of whites
• Which of the following is unconventional political participation? -✓✓ staging a sit-in
• Which of the following statements about the 1936 Literary Digest poll that predicted
Roosevelt's reelection defeat is true? -✓✓ The poll oversampled those with higher
income.
• Women are more likely than men to cast their ballots for which type of candidate? -✓✓
Democratic candidates who support higher levels of spending on social services as
opposed to spending on the military
• A filibuster can be ended through __________; it requires the approval of __________
senators. -✓✓ cloture; sixty
• Congress is __________ than the general population. -✓✓ wealthier
, • Congress missed the fact that various agencies with responsibility for supervising the
banking industry were negligent in identifying looming financial problems that led to the
recession of 2008-2009. This suggests a failure of ________________. -✓✓ oversight
• Most of the work of Congress goes on in __________. -✓✓ committees
• One thing that helps incumbents win reelection is __________, which might include
federal spending projects benefitting state and local governments, businesses, colleges,
and other institutions in a congressional district. -✓✓ the pork barrel
• Partisan __________ is the difference between the parties. -✓✓ polarization
• The English politician and philosopher Edmund Burke advocated the concept of
legislators as __________ who use their best judgment to make policy in the interests
of the people. -✓✓ trustees
• The pork barrel may aid the district of a member of Congress by __________. -✓✓
increasing jobs and revenue with federally funded projects
• What best represents the trend of party polarization over the last three decades? -✓✓
Each congressional party has become more homogeneous, and the distance between
parties has increased.
• Whose job is it to convey the party's position to rank-and-file congresspersons, keep
vote counts, pressure waverers, and report the views and complaints of the House to
the leadership? -✓✓ whip
• Why might incumbents want to deemphasize their policy positions during a reelection
campaign? -✓✓ Stressing policy positions can make enemies as well as friends.
• __________ committees exist in both the House and Senate, may be temporary or
permanent, and usually have a specific focus. -✓✓ Select
• As technology has enabled the media to pass along information with greater speed,
news coverage has become __________. -✓✓ less thorough
• The relationship between politicians and the press was ______________ during the
20th century until the 1960s. -✓✓ cozy
• Policy entrepreneurs are people who invest __________ in an issue -✓✓ political
capital
• Television, radio, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, and other forms of
communication are collectively referred to as the __________. -✓✓ mass media
[2026] | UPDATED ACTUAL Exam | Detailed
Solutions
• How does lower voter turnout among young citizens affect the composition of those
who show up at the polls? -✓✓ Conservatives are overrepresented at the polls.
• How does the textbook define political participation? -✓✓ all the activities used by
citizens to influence the selection of political leaders or the policies they pursue
• If the poor participated at higher levels in the political process, what might happen? -
✓✓ government programs to alleviate economic inequality would likely be higher on the
political agenda
• In a random sample of 1,000 high school students, 29 percent indicated that they had
read the Declaration of Independence at least once, with a sampling error of 4 percent.
Which of the following statements is true? -✓✓ It is likely that between 25 and 33
percent of the population have read the Declaration of Independence.
• Of the following, which is a form of political participation? -✓✓ calling your
representative to express your opinion about upcoming legislation
• What is the effect of aging on political participation? -✓✓ Aging increases political
participation until the infirmities of old age make it harder to participate.
• When do blacks participate more in politics than whites? -✓✓ when their levels of
education are equal to those of whites
• Which of the following is unconventional political participation? -✓✓ staging a sit-in
• Which of the following statements about the 1936 Literary Digest poll that predicted
Roosevelt's reelection defeat is true? -✓✓ The poll oversampled those with higher
income.
• Women are more likely than men to cast their ballots for which type of candidate? -✓✓
Democratic candidates who support higher levels of spending on social services as
opposed to spending on the military
• A filibuster can be ended through __________; it requires the approval of __________
senators. -✓✓ cloture; sixty
• Congress is __________ than the general population. -✓✓ wealthier
, • Congress missed the fact that various agencies with responsibility for supervising the
banking industry were negligent in identifying looming financial problems that led to the
recession of 2008-2009. This suggests a failure of ________________. -✓✓ oversight
• Most of the work of Congress goes on in __________. -✓✓ committees
• One thing that helps incumbents win reelection is __________, which might include
federal spending projects benefitting state and local governments, businesses, colleges,
and other institutions in a congressional district. -✓✓ the pork barrel
• Partisan __________ is the difference between the parties. -✓✓ polarization
• The English politician and philosopher Edmund Burke advocated the concept of
legislators as __________ who use their best judgment to make policy in the interests
of the people. -✓✓ trustees
• The pork barrel may aid the district of a member of Congress by __________. -✓✓
increasing jobs and revenue with federally funded projects
• What best represents the trend of party polarization over the last three decades? -✓✓
Each congressional party has become more homogeneous, and the distance between
parties has increased.
• Whose job is it to convey the party's position to rank-and-file congresspersons, keep
vote counts, pressure waverers, and report the views and complaints of the House to
the leadership? -✓✓ whip
• Why might incumbents want to deemphasize their policy positions during a reelection
campaign? -✓✓ Stressing policy positions can make enemies as well as friends.
• __________ committees exist in both the House and Senate, may be temporary or
permanent, and usually have a specific focus. -✓✓ Select
• As technology has enabled the media to pass along information with greater speed,
news coverage has become __________. -✓✓ less thorough
• The relationship between politicians and the press was ______________ during the
20th century until the 1960s. -✓✓ cozy
• Policy entrepreneurs are people who invest __________ in an issue -✓✓ political
capital
• Television, radio, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, and other forms of
communication are collectively referred to as the __________. -✓✓ mass media
