INTRO TO NURSING - QUIZ 2
BLUEPRINT EXAM WITH ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS|FREQUENTLY
TESTED
QUESTIONS|NEWEST|GUARANTEED
PASS 2026/2027
Why should I use PICOT format to state my clinical question?
• The questions you ask will eventually lead you to the evidence for an answer
• You want to be able to read the BEST four-to-six articles that specifically address your practice
question
• The more focused a question you ask, the easier it becomes to search for evidence in the scientific
literature
PICOT question
P = Patient population of interest
I = Intervention of interest
C = Comparison of interest
O = Outcome
T = Time
Collect the best evidence- what kind and includes
• Search for evidence!
• Evidence includes but is not limited to: agency policy and procedure manuals, quality improvement
data, existing clinical practice guidelines, agency experts, staff educators, risk managers, infection
control nurses, and peer reviewed articles (specifically within the most recent 5 years from the present
date)
Critically appraise the evidence you gather
• The most difficult step in the EBP process
• Involves evaluation, determining if information is valuable and can be easily applied, and if there is
1|Page
,enough evidence for making a nursing practice change
• Thorough review of elements included in evidence-based articles
Integrate the evidence
• How will you incorporate the evidence into practice?
• Integrate evidence with use of teaching tools, clinical practice guidelines, policies and procedures, and
new assessment documentation tools
• Consider staff support and available resources
• Conduct a pilot study and attempt to answer your PICOT question
Evaluate and share outcomes
• Did it work? Is it effective?
• Communicate the results to various groups of nurses or other care providers (facility nursing practice
council or research committee)
PICO four-step process
P - population of interest
I - intervention
C - comparison
O - outcome
Utilization of the research process
• Identification of a researchable problem
• Review of the literature
• Formulation of the research question or hypothesis
• Design of the study
• Implementation of the study
• Drawing conclusions based on findings
• Discussion of clinical implications
• Dissemination of findings
Identification of a researchable problem
• Sources:
* clinical situations
* the literature
* theories
• Repeat the study or design a similar one
• Test theoretical models
Review of the literature
• Comprehensive and covers all relevant research
• Essential to locate similar or related studies that have already been completed and on which a new
study can build
• Answer the question "what have other researchers and theorists written about this problem?"
2|Page
,Two major categories in designing study
experimental (require quantitative methodology)
nonexperimental (can be quantitative or qualitative methodology)
Implementation of the study involves two main task:
Data collection (collected by those familiar with the study)
Data analysis (arrange information into meaningful patterns
Drawing conclusions based on findings, Answer the question:
"What do these findings mean?"
Discussion of clinical implications
• Suggest actions that can be taken as a result of the research findings in the future
• Other questions to answer: Will the procedure be effective with patients who have a different
diagnosis? • Will age make a difference? What else do we need to know to improve the care of
patients?
• Also known as the rigor (potential threats to the validity and reliability of the study)
Dissemination of findings two major vehicles:
• Articles published in professional journals
• Presentations given at conferences
Nursing student role in research
Learning about research: doing honors projects or assisting in labs
BSN role in research
Identifies problems that can be studied; may do data collection for research studies
MSN role in research
Replicates earlier research; beginning independent research
Doctorate role in research
Generate and test theory; establish independent research career
Academician role in research
Independent research with external funding (e.g., NIH, foundation grants)
After formulation of the research question or hypothesis, the next step in the research process is to:
A. Select the population
B. Review the literature
C. Design the study protocol
D. Discussion and/or clinical implications
3|Page
, C. Design the study protocol
After formulation of the research question or hypothesis, the next step in the research process is to
design the study. The study design will influence the data collection process. Selecting the population is
a component of this phase of the research process. Obtaining necessary approvals is part of conducting
the study, which follows the design phase in the research process. Identification of the instrument to
use for data analysis occurs during the process of designing the study protocol. This step would occur
during the study design phase of the research process after the problem identification and literature
review has taken place.
Research is the same as problem solving. T or F
False
Research is different from problem solving. Problem solving is specific to a given situation and is
designed for immediate action, whereas research is generalizable (transferable) to other situations and
deals with long-term solutions rather than immediate ones.
During the first step of evidence-based practice (EBP), development of a clinical question:
A. Must follow the sequence of PICOT
B. Does not allow for identification of key words
C. Must contain all of the PICOT elements
D. Does not have to follow the sequence of PICOT
D. Does not have to follow the sequence of PICOT
A well designed PICOT question does not have to follow the sequence of PICOT. In addition, Intervention
(I), comparison (C), and time (T) are not appropriate to be used in every question. The aim is to ask a
question that contains as many of the PICOT elements as possible. Proper question formatting allows
you to identify keys words to use when conducting your literature search
Research Utilization (RU)
- Use of study findings in a practical application unrelated to the original research.
- Instrumental (direct)
- Conceptual (indirect)
- Persuasive (symbolic)
Evidence Based Practice (EBP)
- Based clinical decisions on best possible evidence typically high quality research.
- Use of best evidence unmaking patient care decisions.
Research Utilization (RU): Instrumental
- Direct
- Explicit application of knowledge gained from research to a practice.
Research Utilization (RU): Conceptual
- Indirect
- Use of findings to enhance one's understanding of a problem or issue in nursing.
4|Page
BLUEPRINT EXAM WITH ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS|FREQUENTLY
TESTED
QUESTIONS|NEWEST|GUARANTEED
PASS 2026/2027
Why should I use PICOT format to state my clinical question?
• The questions you ask will eventually lead you to the evidence for an answer
• You want to be able to read the BEST four-to-six articles that specifically address your practice
question
• The more focused a question you ask, the easier it becomes to search for evidence in the scientific
literature
PICOT question
P = Patient population of interest
I = Intervention of interest
C = Comparison of interest
O = Outcome
T = Time
Collect the best evidence- what kind and includes
• Search for evidence!
• Evidence includes but is not limited to: agency policy and procedure manuals, quality improvement
data, existing clinical practice guidelines, agency experts, staff educators, risk managers, infection
control nurses, and peer reviewed articles (specifically within the most recent 5 years from the present
date)
Critically appraise the evidence you gather
• The most difficult step in the EBP process
• Involves evaluation, determining if information is valuable and can be easily applied, and if there is
1|Page
,enough evidence for making a nursing practice change
• Thorough review of elements included in evidence-based articles
Integrate the evidence
• How will you incorporate the evidence into practice?
• Integrate evidence with use of teaching tools, clinical practice guidelines, policies and procedures, and
new assessment documentation tools
• Consider staff support and available resources
• Conduct a pilot study and attempt to answer your PICOT question
Evaluate and share outcomes
• Did it work? Is it effective?
• Communicate the results to various groups of nurses or other care providers (facility nursing practice
council or research committee)
PICO four-step process
P - population of interest
I - intervention
C - comparison
O - outcome
Utilization of the research process
• Identification of a researchable problem
• Review of the literature
• Formulation of the research question or hypothesis
• Design of the study
• Implementation of the study
• Drawing conclusions based on findings
• Discussion of clinical implications
• Dissemination of findings
Identification of a researchable problem
• Sources:
* clinical situations
* the literature
* theories
• Repeat the study or design a similar one
• Test theoretical models
Review of the literature
• Comprehensive and covers all relevant research
• Essential to locate similar or related studies that have already been completed and on which a new
study can build
• Answer the question "what have other researchers and theorists written about this problem?"
2|Page
,Two major categories in designing study
experimental (require quantitative methodology)
nonexperimental (can be quantitative or qualitative methodology)
Implementation of the study involves two main task:
Data collection (collected by those familiar with the study)
Data analysis (arrange information into meaningful patterns
Drawing conclusions based on findings, Answer the question:
"What do these findings mean?"
Discussion of clinical implications
• Suggest actions that can be taken as a result of the research findings in the future
• Other questions to answer: Will the procedure be effective with patients who have a different
diagnosis? • Will age make a difference? What else do we need to know to improve the care of
patients?
• Also known as the rigor (potential threats to the validity and reliability of the study)
Dissemination of findings two major vehicles:
• Articles published in professional journals
• Presentations given at conferences
Nursing student role in research
Learning about research: doing honors projects or assisting in labs
BSN role in research
Identifies problems that can be studied; may do data collection for research studies
MSN role in research
Replicates earlier research; beginning independent research
Doctorate role in research
Generate and test theory; establish independent research career
Academician role in research
Independent research with external funding (e.g., NIH, foundation grants)
After formulation of the research question or hypothesis, the next step in the research process is to:
A. Select the population
B. Review the literature
C. Design the study protocol
D. Discussion and/or clinical implications
3|Page
, C. Design the study protocol
After formulation of the research question or hypothesis, the next step in the research process is to
design the study. The study design will influence the data collection process. Selecting the population is
a component of this phase of the research process. Obtaining necessary approvals is part of conducting
the study, which follows the design phase in the research process. Identification of the instrument to
use for data analysis occurs during the process of designing the study protocol. This step would occur
during the study design phase of the research process after the problem identification and literature
review has taken place.
Research is the same as problem solving. T or F
False
Research is different from problem solving. Problem solving is specific to a given situation and is
designed for immediate action, whereas research is generalizable (transferable) to other situations and
deals with long-term solutions rather than immediate ones.
During the first step of evidence-based practice (EBP), development of a clinical question:
A. Must follow the sequence of PICOT
B. Does not allow for identification of key words
C. Must contain all of the PICOT elements
D. Does not have to follow the sequence of PICOT
D. Does not have to follow the sequence of PICOT
A well designed PICOT question does not have to follow the sequence of PICOT. In addition, Intervention
(I), comparison (C), and time (T) are not appropriate to be used in every question. The aim is to ask a
question that contains as many of the PICOT elements as possible. Proper question formatting allows
you to identify keys words to use when conducting your literature search
Research Utilization (RU)
- Use of study findings in a practical application unrelated to the original research.
- Instrumental (direct)
- Conceptual (indirect)
- Persuasive (symbolic)
Evidence Based Practice (EBP)
- Based clinical decisions on best possible evidence typically high quality research.
- Use of best evidence unmaking patient care decisions.
Research Utilization (RU): Instrumental
- Direct
- Explicit application of knowledge gained from research to a practice.
Research Utilization (RU): Conceptual
- Indirect
- Use of findings to enhance one's understanding of a problem or issue in nursing.
4|Page
