BSN 445 Week 14 Sherpath 2026/2027 – 55+ Questions & Answers | Burns, Parkland Formula, Inhalation Injury, Fluid Resuscitation & Wound Care

This BSN 445 Week 14 Sherpath 2026/2027 exam preparation resource contains 55+ questions with correct answers across 24 pages, providing an extensive review of burn assessment, burn depth, total body surface area (TBSA), thermal, chemical, electrical and radiation burns, inhalation injury, burn shock, fluid resuscitation, wound care, skin grafting, nutrition, infection prevention, and rehabilitation. The opening section reviews the physiological functions of the skin and how destruction of the epidermis, dermis and deeper tissues affects bleeding, pain, hair production, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, nutrition, infection risk and overall recovery. Students also evaluate factors influencing burn mortality, including age, comorbidities, burn depth and percentage of body surface area involved. A major section concentrates on burn classification and TBSA assessment. Students distinguish superficial, partial-thickness and full-thickness injuries while reviewing thermal, chemical, electrical and radiation mechanisms. The document compares the Rule of Nines, palmar method, and Lund and Browder method and includes calculation-based questions requiring students to determine the percentage of body surface area burned. One scenario, for example, calculates a 31.5% TBSA injury from burns involving the anterior right arm, entire right leg and anterior abdomen. The Lund and Browder method is emphasized for more precise assessment, particularly in pediatric patients. The emergent and resuscitative phases of burn management receive substantial attention. Questions emphasize prioritizing inhalation injuries, recognizing airway compromise, transferring appropriate patients to specialized burn centers, establishing adequate fluid replacement and monitoring urine output. The document applies the Parkland formula to calculate crystalloid requirements; one example calculates 8,000 mL for a 50-kg patient with 40% TBSA burns, with 4,000 mL delivered during the first eight hours at 500 mL/hour. Lactated Ringer solution is identified as a principal resuscitation fluid, while pulmonary crackles, hypotension, urine output and renal laboratory findings are used to evaluate the adequacy and safety of fluid therapy. Another high-value section covers inhalation injury and carbon monoxide poisoning. Students review carbonaceous sputum, singed facial hair, hoarseness, dry cough, inspiratory stridor, nausea, vomiting, restlessness and altered neurological status. The scenarios reinforce airway-first prioritization, including early preparation for intubation when progressive upper-airway edema is suspected. Carbon monoxide exposure is addressed through immediate administration of high-concentration oxygen and recognition that conventional pulse oximetry may not reliably reflect the severity of carbon monoxide poisoning. The resource provides additional preparation for electrical and chemical burn emergencies. Electrical injuries are associated with cardiac dysrhythmias, rhabdomyolysis, elevated creatine kinase, myoglobinuria, tea-colored urine and acute kidney injury. Students review ECG assessment, urine-output monitoring, fluid therapy, mannitol and sodium bicarbonate in selected scenarios. Chemical-burn questions emphasize healthcare-worker protection before decontamination. Circumferential full-thickness burns are linked with compromised distal circulation, pallor and reduced pulses, requiring recognition of possible vascular compromise and preparation for escharotomy. The acute burn-care and wound-management section addresses infection prevention, debridement, topical antimicrobial selection, negative-pressure wound therapy, early excision, wound closure and split-thickness skin grafts. Students review silver sulfadiazine, bacitracin and other topical therapies while considering burn depth, location, microorganisms and frequency of wound assessment. Postoperative graft care emphasizes immobilization to protect graft adherence, while early excision and closure are connected with reducing the prolonged hypermetabolic response associated with extensive burns. Nutrition and metabolic support are also emphasized because major burns produce a profound hypermetabolic and catabolic response. The questions favor calorie- and protein-dense nutritional choices and connect inadequate nutrition with poorer tissue viability and healing. Students additionally review electrolyte abnormalities, hypothermia, gastrointestinal complications such as paralytic ileus, infection risk, and physiologic indicators of progression from the resuscitative phase into subsequent phases of burn recovery. The final portion focuses on burn rehabilitation, scar management and outpatient care. Students review compression and scar-management principles, massage, moisturizing for pruritus, preservation of range of motion, prevention of contractures, home-health monitoring, social support and transportation requirements for outpatient treatment. The resource also recognizes the psychological burden of burn care on nurses and incorporates professional self-care as part of maintaining resilience when caring for patients with severe injuries. For evidence-based academic reinforcement, burn resuscitation, referral criteria and acute management should be compared with current guidance from the American Burn Association (ABA) and established burn-care literature. The broader critical-care concepts correspond with references such as AACN Essentials of Critical Care Nursing and Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Current ABA guidance and institutional burn-center protocols should take precedence when educational question-bank answers differ, particularly for fluid-resuscitation formulas, inhalation injury, carbon monoxide poisoning, electrical injury, topical antimicrobials, nutritional therapy and burn-center referral. Relevant Students: This document is particularly relevant for BSN 445 students, Sherpath nursing students, BSN and RN students, critical-care and ICU nursing students, emergency nursing students, trauma and burn nursing students, and adult health or medical-surgical nursing students. It can also support ATI Adult Medical-Surgical, HESI and NCLEX-RN preparation involving burn classification, TBSA calculations, the Parkland formula, inhalation injuries, carbon monoxide poisoning, fluid resuscitation, electrical burns, chemical burns, escharotomy, skin grafts, burn wound care, infection prevention and rehabilitation. 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