BSN 445 Week 9 Sherpath 2026/2027 – 60+ Questions & Answers | GI Bleeding, Pancreatitis, Liver Failure & GI Surgery

This BSN 445 Week 9 Sherpath 2026/2027 exam preparation resource contains 60+ questions with correct answers across 24 pages, providing comprehensive review of gastrointestinal assessment, GI diagnostic testing, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pancreatitis, acute liver failure, bariatric and gastrointestinal surgery, nasogastric tubes, and GI pharmacology. The opening section develops systematic gastrointestinal assessment skills through focused history taking, bladder emptying, inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. Questions address abdominal quadrants, splenic assessment, striae, umbilical changes, bowel sounds, abdominal masses, rebound tenderness, bowel obstruction, peritonitis, perforated ulcers, and interpretation of abdominal pain and vomiting. The GI diagnostics and laboratory assessment section covers the urea breath test for Helicobacter pylori, liver-associated laboratory values, serum amylase in acute pancreatitis, computed tomography for suspected appendicitis, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), angiography for portal hypertension, abdominal radiography, ultrasonography, and other diagnostic procedures. Students are required to connect clinical findings with the most appropriate diagnostic test and understand the purpose of common gastrointestinal investigations. A major portion concentrates on acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage and critical-care management. The material identifies stress-related mucosal disease and peptic ulcer disease as important causes of GI bleeding and uses the ligament of Treitz as an anatomical landmark when classifying gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Questions examine portal hypertension and esophagogastric varices, severity of blood loss, mental-status changes, mortality, hypovolemia, and complications associated with significant hemorrhage. These scenarios help students connect the volume of blood loss with systemic deterioration and the need for rapid assessment and stabilization. The acute pancreatitis section provides detailed review of etiology, severity, complications, nutrition, assessment, and discharge education. Students examine alcohol use, bile-duct obstruction, selected medications and toxins as contributing factors; the Ranson criteria for severity assessment; abdominal pain and palpable findings; oral versus enteral nutritional support; and potentially serious complications such as ARDS and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Discharge questions reinforce lifestyle modification, diet, medication adherence, management of precipitating factors, and diabetes-related considerations. Another substantial section focuses on acute liver failure (ALF). Students review the importance of obtaining a detailed health and medication history, including medications, surgical history, and relevant risk factors. Complications discussed include sepsis, respiratory failure, cerebral edema, cardiac dysrhythmias, acute kidney injury, jaundice, hyperammonemia, encephalopathy, coagulopathy, and respiratory deterioration. The material also addresses rifaximin, frequent neurological reassessment, multidisciplinary patient and family education, injury prevention, and monitoring for multisystem complications. The surgical portion covers esophagectomy, bariatric surgery, postoperative GI care, and thromboembolism prevention. Questions distinguish gastric banding from other bariatric procedures and address malnutrition following malabsorptive surgery, postoperative pulmonary embolism risk, anastomotic leaks, fever, sequential compression devices, early ambulation, pulmonary function, and impaired gas exchange. The resource therefore connects gastrointestinal surgery with respiratory, nutritional, cardiovascular, and thromboembolic complications relevant to critical-care nursing. The final pages review nasogastric and intestinal tubes, endoscopic hemostasis, and GI medications. Students encounter complications such as necrosis of the nares, reverse intussusception, intestinal rupture, balloon rupture, and gaseous distention, as well as NG-tube irrigation. Endoscopic injection therapy includes agents such as N-butyl cyanoacrylate and ethanolamine for hemorrhage control, while the pharmacology section reviews antacids and their role in buffering gastric acid and increasing gastric pH. For evidence-based academic reinforcement, the topics correspond broadly with AACN Essentials of Critical Care Nursing and Lewis’s Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Acute pancreatitis management can be cross-referenced with contemporary American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidance, while upper-GI bleeding and endoscopic management can be reviewed against current ACG gastrointestinal bleeding guidelines. Acute liver failure concepts can additionally be compared with guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD). Current guidelines and institutional protocols should take precedence when practice-question answers differ from contemporary recommendations. Relevant Students: This document is particularly relevant for BSN 445 students, Sherpath nursing students, BSN and RN students, critical-care nursing students, ICU nursing students, adult health and medical-surgical nursing students, and learners preparing for gastrointestinal critical-care examinations. It can also support HESI, ATI Adult Medical-Surgical, and NCLEX-RN preparation involving abdominal assessment, GI bleeding, pancreatitis, liver failure, bariatric surgery, postoperative complications, NG tubes, gastrointestinal diagnostics, and GI pharmacology. 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