NR 507 FINAL EXAM Advanced Pathophysiology Chamberlain University

NR 507 FINAL EXAM Advanced Pathophysiology Chamberlain University Academic Year: 2026/2027 Total Questions: 105 Time Allowed: 3 Hours INSTRUCTIONS 1. Read each question carefully before selecting your answer. 2. Answer all questions to the best of your ability. 3. Select the most correct answer for each question. 4. This examination contains 105 questions covering all major topics in Advanced Pathophysiology. SECTION A: NEUROLOGY Question 1: What are dermatomes? A) Areas of skin supplied by branches of a single spinal sensory nerve root B) Areas of skin supplied by branches of a single cranial nerve C) Areas of muscle supplied by branches of a single spinal motor nerve root D) Areas of bone supplied by branches of a single spinal nerve root Answer: A) Areas of skin supplied by branches of a single spinal sensory nerve root Question 2: Which of the following correctly describes substance release at the synapse? A) Acetylcholine is only excitatory and is associated with Parkinson's disease B) Dopamine is excitatory at H3 receptors and inhibitory at H1 and H2 receptors C) Norepinephrine is involved in sleep/wake cycle and sympathetic nervous system transmission D) Dopamine is only inhibitory and is associated with Alzheimer's disease Answer: C) Norepinephrine is involved in sleep/wake cycle and sympathetic nervous system transmission Question 3: What is spondylolysis? A) Structural defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch B) Structural defect in the vertebral body C) Degeneration of the intervertebral disc D) Fracture of the spinous process Answer: A) Structural defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch Question 4: The primary motor area (Brodmann area 4) is located along which structure? A) Postcentral gyrus B) Precentral gyrus C) Temporal lobe D) Occipital lobe Answer: B) Precentral gyrus Question 5: What is the ischemic penumbra? A) Ischemic but not infarcted tissue that is salvageable B) Infarcted tissue that is unsalvageable C) Hemorrhagic tissue that is salvageable D) Healthy tissue surrounding an ischemic area Answer: A) Ischemic but not infarcted tissue that is salvageable Question 6: In cerebral infarction, necrosis typically appears by what time frame? A) 1 to 2 hours B) 6 to 12 hours C) 48 to 72 hours D) 7 to 10 days Answer: C) 48 to 72 hours Question 7: What are excitotoxins? A) Toxins that inhibit glutamate release B) Toxins that overstimulate glutamate release and cause neuron suicide C) Toxins that stimulate GABA release D) Toxins that inhibit dopamine release Answer: B) Toxins that overstimulate glutamate release and cause neuron suicide Question 8: Agnosia associated with the parietal lobe is characterized as: A) Visual agnosia B) Auditory agnosia C) Tactile/spatial agnosia D) Olfactory agnosia Answer: C) Tactile/spatial agnosia Question 9: Subarachnoid hemorrhage most commonly results from: A) Hypertensive crisis B) Ruptured intracranial aneurysm or trauma C) Arteriovenous malformation D) Sinus thrombosis Answer: B) Ruptured intracranial aneurysm or trauma Question 10: The most common bacterial causes of meningitis are: A) Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis B) Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli C) Haemophilus influenzae and Listeria monocytogenes D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae Answer: A) Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis SECTION B: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Question 11: Prostate cancer prevention includes which of the following? A) High-fat diet and sedentary lifestyle B) Low-fat diet and regular DRE and PSA testing C) High-protein diet and regular exercise D) Low-carbohydrate diet and vitamin supplementation Answer: B) Low-fat diet and regular DRE and PSA testing