IMPORTANT SCIENTISTS
IN BIOLOGY
Aesthetic handwritten-style revision notes for NEET
Class 11 Biology Cell, biomolecules, plant physiology & more
Class 12 Biology Genetics, evolution, biotechnology & ecology
Quick Revision Tip
Read the scientist → connect the contribution → recall the NCERT chapter/page.
Use these notes for fast revision before tests and NEET practice.
Important Scientists in Biology • NEET • 1
, CLASS 11 — Important Scientists
Scientist • Key contribution • NCERT reference
No. Scientist Contribution / Key idea NCERT
1 Ernst Mayr Called Darwin of the 20th century; awarded Triple NCERT p.2
Crown of Biology
2 Carolus Linnaeus Gave binomial nomenclature, two-kingdom classification NCERT p.6, 16, 29
and artificial system of classification
3 Aristotle Gave classification a more scientific basis NCERT p.16
4 R. H. Whittaker Proposed the five-kingdom classification in 1969 NCERT p.17
5 Carl Woese Proposed the six-kingdom classification Not in NCERT
6 D. J. Iwanowsky Recognized certain microbes as causal organisms of NCERT p.26
tobacco mosaic disease; found viruses smaller than
bacteria and able to pass through bacterial filters
7 M. W. Beijerinck Called the agent contagium vivum fluidum and coined NCERT p.26
the term virus
8 W. M. Stanley Showed that viruses could be crystallised and that NCERT p.26
crystals largely consist of proteins
9 T. O. Diener Discovered viroids in 1971 NCERT p.27
10 Bentham & Hooker Gave a natural system of classification NCERT p.30
11 Katherine Esau Reported that curly-top virus spreads in plants through NCERT p.64
phloem; major contributor to plant biology
12 G. N. Ramachandran Discovered the triple-helical structure of collagen; NCERT p.124
developed the Ramachandran plot
13 Linus Pauling Proposed models of α-helix and β-sheet structures of NCERT p.124
proteins
14 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Observed the first living cell NCERT p.125
15 Robert Brown Discovered the nucleus NCERT p.125
16 Matthias Schleiden Observed that all plants are composed of different kinds NCERT p.125
of cells; contributed to cell theory with Schwann
17 Theodor Schwann Stated that animal cells have a plasma membrane and NCERT p.126
plant cells a cell wall; helped formulate cell theory
18 Rudolf Virchow Explained omnis cellula e cellula and modified cell theory NCERT p.126
19 Singer & Nicolson Proposed the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane NCERT p.132
(1972)
20 Camillo Golgi Discovered the Golgi complex NCERT p.133
21 George Palade Discovered ribosomes (Palade particles) NCERT p.136
22 Flemming Coined the term chromatin NCERT p.138
23 Melvin Calvin Used radioactive tracers to study carbon assimilation; NCERT p.174
proposed the Calvin cycle
Important Scientists in Biology • NEET • 2
IN BIOLOGY
Aesthetic handwritten-style revision notes for NEET
Class 11 Biology Cell, biomolecules, plant physiology & more
Class 12 Biology Genetics, evolution, biotechnology & ecology
Quick Revision Tip
Read the scientist → connect the contribution → recall the NCERT chapter/page.
Use these notes for fast revision before tests and NEET practice.
Important Scientists in Biology • NEET • 1
, CLASS 11 — Important Scientists
Scientist • Key contribution • NCERT reference
No. Scientist Contribution / Key idea NCERT
1 Ernst Mayr Called Darwin of the 20th century; awarded Triple NCERT p.2
Crown of Biology
2 Carolus Linnaeus Gave binomial nomenclature, two-kingdom classification NCERT p.6, 16, 29
and artificial system of classification
3 Aristotle Gave classification a more scientific basis NCERT p.16
4 R. H. Whittaker Proposed the five-kingdom classification in 1969 NCERT p.17
5 Carl Woese Proposed the six-kingdom classification Not in NCERT
6 D. J. Iwanowsky Recognized certain microbes as causal organisms of NCERT p.26
tobacco mosaic disease; found viruses smaller than
bacteria and able to pass through bacterial filters
7 M. W. Beijerinck Called the agent contagium vivum fluidum and coined NCERT p.26
the term virus
8 W. M. Stanley Showed that viruses could be crystallised and that NCERT p.26
crystals largely consist of proteins
9 T. O. Diener Discovered viroids in 1971 NCERT p.27
10 Bentham & Hooker Gave a natural system of classification NCERT p.30
11 Katherine Esau Reported that curly-top virus spreads in plants through NCERT p.64
phloem; major contributor to plant biology
12 G. N. Ramachandran Discovered the triple-helical structure of collagen; NCERT p.124
developed the Ramachandran plot
13 Linus Pauling Proposed models of α-helix and β-sheet structures of NCERT p.124
proteins
14 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Observed the first living cell NCERT p.125
15 Robert Brown Discovered the nucleus NCERT p.125
16 Matthias Schleiden Observed that all plants are composed of different kinds NCERT p.125
of cells; contributed to cell theory with Schwann
17 Theodor Schwann Stated that animal cells have a plasma membrane and NCERT p.126
plant cells a cell wall; helped formulate cell theory
18 Rudolf Virchow Explained omnis cellula e cellula and modified cell theory NCERT p.126
19 Singer & Nicolson Proposed the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane NCERT p.132
(1972)
20 Camillo Golgi Discovered the Golgi complex NCERT p.133
21 George Palade Discovered ribosomes (Palade particles) NCERT p.136
22 Flemming Coined the term chromatin NCERT p.138
23 Melvin Calvin Used radioactive tracers to study carbon assimilation; NCERT p.174
proposed the Calvin cycle
Important Scientists in Biology • NEET • 2
