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How far away must the operator stand from the xray tube if not covered
with lead? - ANSWER ✔✔3 meters
90% of man made radiation to the population is related to? -
ANSWER ✔✔Medical Radiography and Dental
For each peak xray voltage, what lead equivalent is required?
100kV or less (o-100)
Between 101kV-149kV
,150kV or greater (150+) - ANSWER ✔✔0-100kV = 0.25mm of lead
Greater than 100kV but less then 150kV = 0.35mm of lead
150kV or greater = 0.50mm of lead
What protective equipment is required during interventional procedures -
ANSWER ✔✔Full wrap around protective gowns of 0.50mm pb in the
front panels and 0.25mm pb in the back panels
Thyroid shields with an equivalent of 0.50mm of pb
Lead drapes/curtains mounted to II of 0.25mm of pb at 100kv
What lead equivalent must protective gloves/ gauntlets possess? -
ANSWER ✔✔0.25mm of pb
What lead equivalent must ceiling mounted lead screens and moveable
shields provide? - ANSWER ✔✔0.50mm of pb
What are the annual radiation dose limits for radiation workers? -
ANSWER ✔✔Whole body= 20mSv
,Lens of eye= 150mSv
Skin = 500mSv
Hands = 150mSv
All other organs = 500mSv
For pregnant women an effective dose of 4 mSv must be applied for the
remainder of the pregnancy from all sources
What are the annual radiation dose limits to members of the public? -
ANSWER ✔✔Whole body = 1mSv
Lens of the eye= 15mSv
Skin = 50mSv
Hands = 50mSv
All other organs = 50mSv
*these also apply for students*
What are primary protective barriers? Give examples - ANSWER
✔✔Primary barriers provide shielding from the direct xray beam. Such
as, the walls and floor where the tube can be directed
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, -The wall behind the wall bucky
-Floor under the table
What are secondary barriers and give examples - ANSWER
✔✔Provide shielding against both leakage and scattered radiation. Walls
that the primary beam is not directed towards and the ceiling are
secondary barriers.
The control booth is also a secondary barrier, the primary beam should
never be directed towards it.
What should the focal spot to skin distance be for:
-Mobile equipment
-Stationary equipment
-Radioscopic equipment - ANSWER ✔✔Must not be less than:
-Mobile: 30cm
-Stationary: 38cm