GAMMA / WHEELS UP ORAL EXAM REVIEW | FAR 135 (293) – QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | VERIFIED AND WELL
DETAILED ANSWERS | PLUS RATIONALES | GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST EXAM UPDATE
Core Domains
• Regulatory Compliance (FAR Parts 61, 91, 135, and Operations Specifications)
• Operational Control and Flight Release Procedures
• Aircraft Systems, Performance, and Limitations
• Meteorology and Weather Risk Management
• Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Human Factors
• Emergency and Abnormal Procedures
• Navigation, IFR Procedures, and ATC Communications
• Pilot Currency, Training, and Qualification Requirements
Introduction
This comprehensive examination is designed to rigorously assess a candidate's knowledge and practical understanding
of the regulatory, operational, and safety protocols central to conducting Part 135 operations, specifically within the
framework of Gamma Aviation and Wheels Up. The assessment covers foundational theory, applied professional
knowledge, regulatory compliance, and critical decision-making in real-world scenarios. It employs a multiple-choice
format with scenario-based questions to evaluate not just rote memorization, but the ability to apply complex
regulations and procedures to ensure safe, compliant, and efficient flight operations. Mastery of these concepts is
essential for any pilot or crew member seeking to demonstrate the highest standards of professional competence and
aeronautical decision-making.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
,1. Under FAR 61.17, for what maximum period is a Temporary Pilot Certificate valid?
A. 60 days
B. 90 days
C. 120 days
D. 180 days
🟢 C. 120 days
🔴 Explanation: FAR 61.17 states that a temporary pilot certificate is valid for a period of up to 120 days. This allows
the FAA time to process and issue the permanent certificate.
2. A pilot who is 42 years old holds a First-Class Medical Certificate. For how many calendar months does this
certificate remain valid for First-Class privileges?
A. 6 calendar months
B. 12 calendar months
C. 24 calendar months
D. 60 calendar months
🟢 A. 6 calendar months
🔴 Explanation: Under FAR 61.23, for a pilot who has reached their 40th birthday, a First-Class Medical Certificate is
valid for exercising First-Class privileges for a period of 6 calendar months.
3. What is the minimum recent experience requirement for a pilot to act as Pilot in Command (PIC) carrying
passengers under Part 135?
A. Three takeoffs and landings in any aircraft within the preceding 90 days.
B. Three takeoffs and landings as the sole manipulator of the controls in the same category, class, and type of
aircraft within the preceding 90 days.
C. Five takeoffs and landings to a full stop within the preceding 90 days.
D. Three instrument approaches and holding procedures within the preceding 6 months.
🟢 B. Three takeoffs and landings as the sole manipulator of the controls in the same category, class, and type of
,aircraft within the preceding 90 days.
🔴 Explanation: FAR 61.57(a) requires that to carry passengers, a pilot must have made three takeoffs and three
landings within the preceding 90 days in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type (if a type rating is
required). This is a fundamental currency requirement for Part 135 operations.
4. To maintain night currency, when must a pilot perform the required takeoffs and landings?
A. Between sunset and sunrise.
B. Between 1 hour after sunset and 1 hour before sunrise.
C. Between 1 hour before sunset and 1 hour after sunrise.
D. Between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight.
🟢 B. Between 1 hour after sunset and 1 hour before sunrise.
🔴 Explanation: FAR 61.57(b) specifies that night takeoffs and landings must be made during the period beginning 1
hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise. This definition is crucial for determining night currency.
5. A pilot's temporary airman certificate expires 120 days after issuance. What is the regulatory basis for this?
A. FAR 61.17
B. FAR 61.19
C. FAR 61.21
D. FAR 61.23
🟢 A. FAR 61.17
🔴 Explanation: FAR 61.17 governs the issuance and validity of temporary certificates. It explicitly limits their validity
to a maximum of 120 days.
6. What does "Operational Control" mean in the context of FAR Part 135?
A. The authority of Air Traffic Control over a flight in Class A airspace.
B. The authority of the Pilot in Command over the safety of the flight.
C. The authority of the Director of Maintenance over the airworthiness of the aircraft.
D. The exercise of authority over initiating, conducting, or terminating a flight.
, 🟢 D. The exercise of authority over initiating, conducting, or terminating a flight.
🔴 Explanation: FAR 1.1 defines operational control as the authority to initiate, conduct, or terminate a flight. This
authority is held by the certificate holder and is a cornerstone of Part 135 operations.
7. According to Gamma Aviation's Operations Manual, who holds the ultimate responsibility for operational
control?
A. The Pilot in Command.
B. The Director of Operations.
C. The Flight Locator.
D. Gamma Aviation LLC, as the certificate holder.
🟢 D. Gamma Aviation LLC, as the certificate holder.
🔴 Explanation: The certificate holder retains ultimate responsibility for operational control, even when duties are
delegated. This is clearly outlined in company manuals to ensure accountability and safety oversight.
8. Can a PIC initiate a Part 135 flight without a formal flight release from the certificate holder's designated
personnel?
A. Yes, if the weather is VFR and the pilot determines it is safe.
B. Yes, if the passengers are ready and waiting.
C. No, a flight cannot be initiated without authorization from the certificate holder through its operational control
system.
D. No, unless it is a maintenance ferry flight.
🟢 C. No, a flight cannot be initiated without authorization from the certificate holder through its operational
control system.
🔴 Explanation: A flight release is a formal document that authorizes the flight and confirms that all regulatory and
operational requirements have been met. A pilot cannot independently initiate a Part 135 flight.
9. If a non-revenue maintenance ferry flight is conducted by a Part 135 operator, under which part of the FARs is
it typically operated?
DETAILED ANSWERS | PLUS RATIONALES | GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST EXAM UPDATE
Core Domains
• Regulatory Compliance (FAR Parts 61, 91, 135, and Operations Specifications)
• Operational Control and Flight Release Procedures
• Aircraft Systems, Performance, and Limitations
• Meteorology and Weather Risk Management
• Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Human Factors
• Emergency and Abnormal Procedures
• Navigation, IFR Procedures, and ATC Communications
• Pilot Currency, Training, and Qualification Requirements
Introduction
This comprehensive examination is designed to rigorously assess a candidate's knowledge and practical understanding
of the regulatory, operational, and safety protocols central to conducting Part 135 operations, specifically within the
framework of Gamma Aviation and Wheels Up. The assessment covers foundational theory, applied professional
knowledge, regulatory compliance, and critical decision-making in real-world scenarios. It employs a multiple-choice
format with scenario-based questions to evaluate not just rote memorization, but the ability to apply complex
regulations and procedures to ensure safe, compliant, and efficient flight operations. Mastery of these concepts is
essential for any pilot or crew member seeking to demonstrate the highest standards of professional competence and
aeronautical decision-making.
SECTION ONE: QUESTIONS 1–100
,1. Under FAR 61.17, for what maximum period is a Temporary Pilot Certificate valid?
A. 60 days
B. 90 days
C. 120 days
D. 180 days
🟢 C. 120 days
🔴 Explanation: FAR 61.17 states that a temporary pilot certificate is valid for a period of up to 120 days. This allows
the FAA time to process and issue the permanent certificate.
2. A pilot who is 42 years old holds a First-Class Medical Certificate. For how many calendar months does this
certificate remain valid for First-Class privileges?
A. 6 calendar months
B. 12 calendar months
C. 24 calendar months
D. 60 calendar months
🟢 A. 6 calendar months
🔴 Explanation: Under FAR 61.23, for a pilot who has reached their 40th birthday, a First-Class Medical Certificate is
valid for exercising First-Class privileges for a period of 6 calendar months.
3. What is the minimum recent experience requirement for a pilot to act as Pilot in Command (PIC) carrying
passengers under Part 135?
A. Three takeoffs and landings in any aircraft within the preceding 90 days.
B. Three takeoffs and landings as the sole manipulator of the controls in the same category, class, and type of
aircraft within the preceding 90 days.
C. Five takeoffs and landings to a full stop within the preceding 90 days.
D. Three instrument approaches and holding procedures within the preceding 6 months.
🟢 B. Three takeoffs and landings as the sole manipulator of the controls in the same category, class, and type of
,aircraft within the preceding 90 days.
🔴 Explanation: FAR 61.57(a) requires that to carry passengers, a pilot must have made three takeoffs and three
landings within the preceding 90 days in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type (if a type rating is
required). This is a fundamental currency requirement for Part 135 operations.
4. To maintain night currency, when must a pilot perform the required takeoffs and landings?
A. Between sunset and sunrise.
B. Between 1 hour after sunset and 1 hour before sunrise.
C. Between 1 hour before sunset and 1 hour after sunrise.
D. Between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight.
🟢 B. Between 1 hour after sunset and 1 hour before sunrise.
🔴 Explanation: FAR 61.57(b) specifies that night takeoffs and landings must be made during the period beginning 1
hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise. This definition is crucial for determining night currency.
5. A pilot's temporary airman certificate expires 120 days after issuance. What is the regulatory basis for this?
A. FAR 61.17
B. FAR 61.19
C. FAR 61.21
D. FAR 61.23
🟢 A. FAR 61.17
🔴 Explanation: FAR 61.17 governs the issuance and validity of temporary certificates. It explicitly limits their validity
to a maximum of 120 days.
6. What does "Operational Control" mean in the context of FAR Part 135?
A. The authority of Air Traffic Control over a flight in Class A airspace.
B. The authority of the Pilot in Command over the safety of the flight.
C. The authority of the Director of Maintenance over the airworthiness of the aircraft.
D. The exercise of authority over initiating, conducting, or terminating a flight.
, 🟢 D. The exercise of authority over initiating, conducting, or terminating a flight.
🔴 Explanation: FAR 1.1 defines operational control as the authority to initiate, conduct, or terminate a flight. This
authority is held by the certificate holder and is a cornerstone of Part 135 operations.
7. According to Gamma Aviation's Operations Manual, who holds the ultimate responsibility for operational
control?
A. The Pilot in Command.
B. The Director of Operations.
C. The Flight Locator.
D. Gamma Aviation LLC, as the certificate holder.
🟢 D. Gamma Aviation LLC, as the certificate holder.
🔴 Explanation: The certificate holder retains ultimate responsibility for operational control, even when duties are
delegated. This is clearly outlined in company manuals to ensure accountability and safety oversight.
8. Can a PIC initiate a Part 135 flight without a formal flight release from the certificate holder's designated
personnel?
A. Yes, if the weather is VFR and the pilot determines it is safe.
B. Yes, if the passengers are ready and waiting.
C. No, a flight cannot be initiated without authorization from the certificate holder through its operational control
system.
D. No, unless it is a maintenance ferry flight.
🟢 C. No, a flight cannot be initiated without authorization from the certificate holder through its operational
control system.
🔴 Explanation: A flight release is a formal document that authorizes the flight and confirms that all regulatory and
operational requirements have been met. A pilot cannot independently initiate a Part 135 flight.
9. If a non-revenue maintenance ferry flight is conducted by a Part 135 operator, under which part of the FARs is
it typically operated?
