1|Page
Criminology Unit 3|Complete Exam With
Correct Answers 2026
1.2 - Give a geographical profiling case study - correct-answer - John Duffy
(Railway Rapist)
Mapped places where rapes took place and as Duffy's confidence rose, the crimes
got further away so the police were able to determine that he lived in the area
where the initial rapes took place.
They were able to find where he lived and he was convicted.
1.2 - Evaluate geographical profiling - correct-answer - Strength -> good for
anything except serial
Strength -> narrows down locations and creates suspect list
Weakness -> can't be sure all crimes are done by same person
Weakness -> not hard evidence
,2|Page
1.2 - Evaluate investigative psychology - correct-answer - Strength -> concepts
(OCP) applicable
Strength -> representative as large sample
Strength -> proven successful
Weakness -> if quality of data is poor, the investigation and profile may not be
specific enough
1.2 - What is investigative psychology? - correct-answer - Draws ideas from GP
Uses all the types of profiling into one
Canter
Offender consistency principle:
- offenders behavior is consistent in their everyday life
- their behavior is similar in their criminal life and normal life
Criminal narrative themes:
- offender will base their crimes on how they feel or stories in their life
- so if they feel as a 'distressed revenger' they might commit a violent crime
- a 'depressed victim' feels lonely and out of control so sees no other option than
to offend
,3|Page
Situations - police
Crimes - typically violent crimes
1.2 - What is an intelligence database? - correct-answer - Compilation of data
organized for the purpose of investigating or prosecuting a criminal offence
Intelligence - information collected by credible sources that have been recorded
and evaluated
Situations - laboratory, police
Crimes - violent crimes and crimes in general
1.2 - What is an example of an intelligence database? - correct-answer - Police
National Computer:
- have criminal convictions
- subject to the legal process
- wanted by the police
- have a drivers license (DVLA)
- hold a firearms certificate
, 4|Page
1.2 - Evaluate an intelligence database - correct-answer - Weakness -> could be
racial discrimination
Strength -> useful for repeat offenders
Weakness -> not useful for migrants as their information is not on it
Weakness -> over 1000 black men had to be removed from the gangs matrix (Met
Police)
1.2 - Give an intelligence database case study (David Butler) - correct-answer -
Five years after Annie-Marie Foy's body was found GBH in 2005, David Butler was
linked to the crime through DNA evidence stored on the national database.
His mother's home was robbed in 1998, in which DNA from a cigarette butt
(David's) was stored onto the National DNA Database.
A partial match to Butler's DNA was made with DNA from Annie-Marie's fingernail
clippings and cardigan buttons. This alongside CCTV evidence of his distinctive
taxi.
Criminology Unit 3|Complete Exam With
Correct Answers 2026
1.2 - Give a geographical profiling case study - correct-answer - John Duffy
(Railway Rapist)
Mapped places where rapes took place and as Duffy's confidence rose, the crimes
got further away so the police were able to determine that he lived in the area
where the initial rapes took place.
They were able to find where he lived and he was convicted.
1.2 - Evaluate geographical profiling - correct-answer - Strength -> good for
anything except serial
Strength -> narrows down locations and creates suspect list
Weakness -> can't be sure all crimes are done by same person
Weakness -> not hard evidence
,2|Page
1.2 - Evaluate investigative psychology - correct-answer - Strength -> concepts
(OCP) applicable
Strength -> representative as large sample
Strength -> proven successful
Weakness -> if quality of data is poor, the investigation and profile may not be
specific enough
1.2 - What is investigative psychology? - correct-answer - Draws ideas from GP
Uses all the types of profiling into one
Canter
Offender consistency principle:
- offenders behavior is consistent in their everyday life
- their behavior is similar in their criminal life and normal life
Criminal narrative themes:
- offender will base their crimes on how they feel or stories in their life
- so if they feel as a 'distressed revenger' they might commit a violent crime
- a 'depressed victim' feels lonely and out of control so sees no other option than
to offend
,3|Page
Situations - police
Crimes - typically violent crimes
1.2 - What is an intelligence database? - correct-answer - Compilation of data
organized for the purpose of investigating or prosecuting a criminal offence
Intelligence - information collected by credible sources that have been recorded
and evaluated
Situations - laboratory, police
Crimes - violent crimes and crimes in general
1.2 - What is an example of an intelligence database? - correct-answer - Police
National Computer:
- have criminal convictions
- subject to the legal process
- wanted by the police
- have a drivers license (DVLA)
- hold a firearms certificate
, 4|Page
1.2 - Evaluate an intelligence database - correct-answer - Weakness -> could be
racial discrimination
Strength -> useful for repeat offenders
Weakness -> not useful for migrants as their information is not on it
Weakness -> over 1000 black men had to be removed from the gangs matrix (Met
Police)
1.2 - Give an intelligence database case study (David Butler) - correct-answer -
Five years after Annie-Marie Foy's body was found GBH in 2005, David Butler was
linked to the crime through DNA evidence stored on the national database.
His mother's home was robbed in 1998, in which DNA from a cigarette butt
(David's) was stored onto the National DNA Database.
A partial match to Butler's DNA was made with DNA from Annie-Marie's fingernail
clippings and cardigan buttons. This alongside CCTV evidence of his distinctive
taxi.
